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In Class 12 Business Studies, the topic “Programme” explains a detailed plan designed to achieve a specific objective. Students learn how a programme brings together related policies, procedures, rules, tasks and the sequence in which activities should be performed. They also understand how programmes guide action, allocate time and resources, coordinate efforts, and reduce uncertainty in the planning process. The topic highlights why programmes are more specific and action-oriented than broad plans such as objectives or strategies.
Expert · Level 2 · 25 questions
TOPIC PRACTICE
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Comparison of planned and actual time, cost and scope
Comparison of employee age
Comparison of logo colour
Comparison of office location
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When a sales growth programme uses customer data aggressively
When office light is changed
When canteen tables are counted
When only one invoice is made
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Issue transparency
Excess budget
Policy expansion
Rule binding
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Because training attendance alone is not the outcome
Because budget is always wrong
Because rules are irrelevant
Because procedure ended
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When many activities compete for limited time and resources
When there is no activity
When only one colour is chosen
When expenditure is zero
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Delivery and quality uncertainty
Production always increasing
cash surplus certainty / Certainty of cash surplus
rule clarity / Rule clarity
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A programme can link several related projects for a common objective
Programme is always smaller than a project
Project is always a policy
Both never have activities
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Rules will form automatically
Routine operation of the new system may become weak
Budget will always be zero
Policy will be irrelevant
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When delay or risk cannot be solved by normal authority
When all work is on time
When there is no issue
When only one receipt is made
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Activity dependency and time coordination
Only colour matching
Employee birthday
Slogan selection
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Misfit in communication strategy
Completeness of financial budget
Rigidity of rule
Length of procedure
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Checking results after implementing a new customer relationship system
Reading a notice once
One-day tea arrangement
Buying one pen
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Long-term impact will be ignored
Budget will always increase
rules become stronger / Rules become stronger
no evaluation needed / No evaluation needed
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Ignoring people-related risk
Excess cash control
Product colour defect
Completeness of procedure
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Selecting several programmes according to strategic priorities and resources
Reading one rule daily
Filing one bill
Memorising one method
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Decisions will be wrong and late
Dashboard alone is always enough
Budget will not be needed
Programme will automatically succeed
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When the programme uses sensitive information to influence customers
When office chairs are changed
When tea counter is removed
When notice board is cleaned
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Evaluation of actual adoption and use
Expense figure
One rule
Name of procedure
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Fixing alternate supplier and buffer time for important supplier delay
Ignoring the risk
Deleting records after delay
Stopping all activities
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Both benefits and negative outcomes of the programme must be examined
Cost saving made everything correct
Complaints are irrelevant
Programme evaluation is unnecessary
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Trade-off between speed and quality
Budget and rule being the same
Overlap of policy and method
Relation of cash and colour
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When expected benefit will appear later in another department
When there is no benefit
When the programme is for one minute
When there are no records
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The same mistakes may repeat in future programmes
All future plans will be perfect
Budget will automatically be correct
Rules will be unnecessary
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Brand repositioning programme will succeed only if product quality and service also improve
One poster alone is enough
One rule will achieve all targets
One bill will increase market share
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It integrates objective, interdependent activities, resources, responsibility, risk and control
It gives only one prohibitive order
It states only a money amount
It tells only the technique of doing work
Question 1ExpertLevel 2
If programme baseline is not fixed, which comparison will become difficult?यदि programme baseline तय नहीं है, तो किस तुलना में कठिनाई होगी?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
A programme baseline provides the approved plan or standard for time, cost and scope. Actual progress is compared with this standard to identify deviations. Therefore, without a fixed baseline, comparing planned and actual time, cost and scope becomes difficult. Employee age, logo colour and office location are not control standards for a programme. Exam tip: remember that a baseline is the basis for comparing planned performance with actual performance.Programme baseline समय, लागत और कार्य-क्षेत्र के लिए स्वीकृत योजना या मानक प्रदान करता है। इसी मानक से वास्तविक प्रगति की तुलना करके विचलन ज्ञात किया जाता है। इसलिए baseline तय न होने पर planned और actual time, cost तथा scope की तुलना कठिन होगी। कर्मचारी की आयु, logo colour और office location programme control के मानक नहीं हैं। परीक्षा टिप: baseline को योजना और वास्तविक प्रदर्शन के बीच तुलना का आधार याद रखें।
In which situation should both benefit and ethics be reviewed in a programme?किस स्थिति में कार्यक्रम में लाभ और नैतिकता दोनों की समीक्षा जरूरी होगी?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
Data use connects benefits with ethical risk. In exams, check both business benefit and ethical impact.डेटा उपयोग से लाभ के साथ ethical risk भी जुड़ता है। परीक्षा में business benefit और ethical impact दोनों देखें।
If a programme report lists only completed activities but not unresolved issues, what is missing?यदि programme report में केवल completed activities लिखी हैं पर unresolved issues नहीं हैं, तो क्या कमी है?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
If unresolved issues are not reported, decision makers cannot correct properly. In exams, include both progress and issues in reporting.Unresolved issues न लिखने से decision makers सही सुधार नहीं कर पाएँगे। परीक्षा में reporting में progress और issues दोनों देखें।
If behaviour change after training is not measured in a programme, why is evaluation incomplete?यदि कार्यक्रम में training के बाद behaviour change नहीं मापा गया, तो evaluation अधूरा क्यों है?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
The real result of training is change in work behaviour. In exams, keep activity completion and real outcome separate.Training का असली परिणाम कार्य-व्यवहार में बदलाव है। परीक्षा में activity completion और real outcome अलग रखें।
In which situation will a programme priority matrix be useful?किस स्थिति में कार्यक्रम की प्राथमिकता-मैट्रिक्स उपयोगी होगी?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
A priority matrix helps separate important and urgent tasks. In exams, priority is necessary with limited resources.Priority matrix महत्वपूर्ण और तात्कालिक tasks को अलग करने में मदद करती है। परीक्षा में limited resources पर priority जरूरी है।
If vendor dependence is high in a programme but service level terms are not fixed, what risk exists?यदि programme में vendor dependence बहुत अधिक है पर service level terms तय नहीं हैं, तो क्या जोखिम है?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
Without clear vendor terms, performance control becomes weak. In exams, check service terms in external dependency.Vendor terms स्पष्ट न होने पर performance control कमजोर होगा। परीक्षा में external dependency में service terms देखें।
Which option correctly states the expert-level relation between programme and project?किस विकल्प में कार्यक्रम और परियोजना का expert-level संबंध सही है?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
A programme can act as a broad umbrella linking many projects. In exams, check scale and integration.कार्यक्रम व्यापक छतरी की तरह कई projects को जोड़ सकता है। परीक्षा में scale और integration देखें।
If a programme lacks an operational handover plan, what problem will occur after completion?यदि कार्यक्रम में operational handover plan नहीं है, तो completion के बाद क्या समस्या होगी?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:B
A handover plan converts programme output into routine work. In exams, check operational transition after implementation.Handover plan programme output को routine work में बदलता है। परीक्षा में implementation के बाद operation transition देखें।
In which situation will a programme escalation mechanism be necessary?किस स्थिति में programme escalation mechanism जरूरी होगा?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
Escalation takes serious issues to a higher level. In exams, remember escalation path in complex programmes.Escalation serious issues को उच्च स्तर पर ले जाता है। परीक्षा में complex programme में escalation path याद रखें।
If legal permission, training and inspection have different timelines in a programme, what should be specially considered?यदि कार्यक्रम में कानूनी अनुमति, प्रशिक्षण और निरीक्षण अलग-अलग timelines पर हैं, तो किसका विशेष ध्यान रखना चाहिए?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
Different timelines must be linked in proper order. In exams, check sequencing in compliance-related programmes.अलग timelines को सही क्रम में जोड़ना जरूरी है। परीक्षा में compliance-related programme में sequencing देखें।
If a social awareness programme has a strong message but wrong audience channel is chosen, what is the weakness?यदि social awareness programme में message तो मजबूत है पर audience channel गलत चुना गया, तो क्या कमी है?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
Even a good message may not reach the target group through the wrong channel. In exams, link communication channel with programme success.सही संदेश भी गलत channel से target group तक नहीं पहुँचता। परीक्षा में communication channel को programme success से जोड़ें।
In which programme will post-implementation review be most useful?किस कार्यक्रम में post-implementation review सबसे अधिक उपयोगी होगा?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
Review after implementation shows real benefits and gaps. In exams, remember review after programme closure.Implementation के बाद review से real benefits और gaps दिखते हैं। परीक्षा में programme closure के बाद review याद रखें।
If benefit indicators in a programme measure only short-term sales and not customer retention, what risk exists?यदि कार्यक्रम में लाभ मापने वाले संकेतक केवल short-term sales हैं और customer retention नहीं, तो क्या जोखिम है?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
Short-term sales do not show full success. In exams, include long-term benefits in programme evaluation.Short-term sales पूरी सफलता नहीं दिखाती। परीक्षा में long-term benefits को भी programme evaluation में शामिल करें।
If stakeholder resistance is not treated as a risk in a programme, what planning weakness exists?यदि कार्यक्रम में हितधारकों के विरोध को जोखिम नहीं माना गया, तो कौन-सी planning कमी है?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
Resistance can stop programme implementation. In exams, always check human risk in change programmes.Resistance programme implementation को रोक सकता है। परीक्षा में change programme में human risk जरूर देखें।
Which option shows programme portfolio thinking?किस विकल्प में programme portfolio thinking दिखाई देता है?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
Portfolio thinking puts resources into the most important programmes. In exams, connect multiple programmes with strategy.Portfolio thinking संसाधनों को सबसे महत्वपूर्ण programmes में लगाता है। परीक्षा में multiple programmes को strategy से जोड़ें।
If a programme has a data dashboard but the data is wrong and delayed, why will control be weak?यदि कार्यक्रम में data dashboard है पर डेटा गलत और देर से आता है, तो नियंत्रण क्यों कमजोर होगा?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
A monitoring tool is useful only when data is accurate and timely. In exams, check the quality of control information.Monitoring tool तभी उपयोगी है जब data सही और समय पर हो। परीक्षा में control information की quality देखें।
In which situation will ethical review of a programme be necessary?किस स्थिति में कार्यक्रम की नैतिक समीक्षा आवश्यक होगी?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
Use of sensitive information has ethical and privacy concerns. In exams, connect ethical review with sensitive data.संवेदनशील जानकारी के प्रयोग में ethical और privacy concerns होते हैं। परीक्षा में ethical review को sensitive data से जोड़ें।
If a programme manager focuses only on completing activities but not on change adoption, what is missing?यदि programme manager केवल activities complete कराने पर ध्यान देता है पर change adoption नहीं देखता, तो क्या कमी है?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
In a change programme, adoption is a real success indicator. In exams, look beyond completion to usage and adoption.Change programme में adoption असली सफलता का संकेत है। परीक्षा में completion से आगे usage और adoption देखें।
Which option gives the most correct programme risk response?किस विकल्प में programme risk response सबसे सही है?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
Risk response provides alternatives and buffers in advance. In exams, connect risk planning with practical action.Risk response पहले से alternative और buffer देता है। परीक्षा में risk planning को practical action से जोड़ें।
If a programme achieves cost saving but customer complaints increase, what will a balanced view show?यदि programme में cost saving हुई लेकिन customer complaints बढ़ीं, तो balanced score क्या बताएगा?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
Balanced evaluation checks both cost and customer impact. In exams, avoid one-dimensional success.Balanced evaluation cost और customer impact दोनों देखती है। परीक्षा में one-dimensional success से बचें।
If a programme has a very aggressive deadline and quality review is removed, what trade-off is visible?यदि programme में समय सीमा बहुत आक्रामक है और quality review हटाया गया, तो कौन-सा trade-off दिखता है?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
Fast completion can create quality risk. In exams, check time-quality balance in programme constraints.तेज completion quality risk ला सकता है। परीक्षा में programme constraints में time-quality balance देखें।
In which situation is it necessary to assign a programme benefits owner?किस स्थिति में programme benefits owner तय करना जरूरी होगा?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
A benefits owner is responsible for benefits realisation. In exams, check ownership for long-term benefits.Benefits owner लाभ-साकारकरण की जिम्मेदारी रखता है। परीक्षा में long-term benefits के लिए ownership देखें।
If lessons are not recorded in a programme, what effect will it have on future planning?यदि programme में सीख दर्ज नहीं की जाती, तो भविष्य के planning पर क्या प्रभाव होगा?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
Lessons learned improve future planning. In exams, remember learning documentation in programme closure.Lessons learned भविष्य की planning सुधारते हैं। परीक्षा में programme closure में learning documentation याद रखें।
Which option most clearly shows strategic dependency of a programme?किस विकल्प में programme की strategic dependency सबसे स्पष्ट है?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
A strategic programme may depend on many related changes. In exams, check supporting activities in strategy programmes.Strategic programme कई related changes पर निर्भर हो सकता है। परीक्षा में strategy programme में supporting activities देखें।
At expert level, what is the strongest signal for identifying a programme?विशेषज्ञ स्तर पर कार्यक्रम को पहचानने का सबसे मजबूत संकेत क्या है?
Correct answer:सही उत्तर:A
A programme is an integrated and multi-activity action plan. In exams, distinguish it from rule, budget and method.कार्यक्रम एकीकृत और बहु-गतिविधि कार्ययोजना है। परीक्षा में इसे rule, budget और method से अलग पहचानें।
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