Features of planning

Correct answer: B. Planning is a decision making process

The direct answer is B: planning is a decision-making process. Planning does not mean guessing or leaving events to chance. First, the organisation identifies an objective; then it considers possible courses of action, compares their advantages and limitations, and selects the most suitable one. This rational choice is the core meaning of decision making in planning. A is wrong because pervasiveness concerns planning at all organisational levels, not choice among alternatives. C is wrong because planning looks toward objectives and the future, not only the present. D is wrong because planning is a mental and managerial process, not a physical activity. Exam cue: “options,” “choice,” and “rational selection” point to decision making.

Correct answer: C. Planning is future oriented

The direct answer is C: planning is future oriented. Planning means looking ahead, predicting possible conditions and preparing actions before they occur. Today’s sales are current information, but next season’s demand is a future condition. A is wrong because the business may still have a goal; the problem is that it is ignoring the future. B is wrong because planning is not the same as staffing, which concerns recruiting and placing employees. C is correct because it directly describes thinking about next season. D is wrong because pervasiveness asks whether planning exists at different levels and departments, not whether future demand is considered. Memory cue: “next year,” “next season,” and “tomorrow’s conditions” signal future orientation.

Correct answer: A. Planning sets objectives sees future analyses and selects alternatives

This statement links objectives future intellectual nature and decision making. In exams read combined feature carefully.

Correct answer: B. Planning is intellectual and decision making

Thought shows intellectual nature and path selection shows decision making. In exams treat thinking to action as a dual feature.

Correct answer: A. Planning is the foundational primary function of management

Planning gives base and direction to other functions. In exams connect foundation with primary feature.

Correct answer: A. Because future clues often come from external environment

Opportunities and threats indicate future direction. In exams connect environment with future orientation.

Correct answer: C. Changing repeatedly without objective

Continuous planning means purposeful revision not aimless change. In exams treat change with purpose as correct.

Correct answer: A. To think of possible situations and new alternatives

Imagination helps in thinking about future and alternatives. In exams connect imagination with creative planning.

Correct answer: A. The basis of performance comparison will be unclear

Planning gives standards and controlling compares with them. In exams understand standards as comparison base.

Correct answer: A. Setting a clear admission objective for the coming session

Coming session indicates future and admission objective indicates objective focus. In exams see time clue and objective clue together.

Correct answer: B. Continuous process

Review arrangement strengthens continuity of planning. In exams connect review arrangement with continuous planning.

Correct answer: A. Continuous process

Revision under changing conditions shows the continuous nature of planning. In exams connect revision arrangement with continuous planning.

Correct answer: A. Planning is a primary function

Planning sets direction and base before work starts. In exams connect planning first with primary function.

Correct answer: B. Planning happens at every level but its extent differs

Pervasiveness shows planning at every level and scope changes by level. In exams keep level and scope separate.

Correct answer: C. Planning is future oriented

Future oriented planning also considers possible changes. In exams check technology change along with demand.

Correct answer: D. Planning is decision making and selective

Planning selects an alternative on evaluation not popularity. In exams do not treat popularity as the best alternative.

Correct answer: A. When a manager decides after analysing facts future signals risks and alternatives

Analysis of facts and alternatives makes planning intellectual. In exams connect analysis with intellectual feature.

Correct answer: B. Planning focuses on objectives

Planning links all activities towards set objectives. In exams treat activity goal link as objective focus.

Correct answer: C. Planning is a continuous process

Reviewing a plan when rules change shows continuity. In exams connect quarterly review with continuous planning.

Correct answer: D. Planning first sets objectives and standards, and controlling compares actual performance with those standards

Planning is the primary managerial function because it establishes objectives, actions and performance standards in advance. Controlling then compares actual performance with these planned standards and takes corrective action where deviations occur. Option C is close but incorrect because measuring deviations is a function of controlling, not planning. Exam tip: remember, “planning sets standards; controlling checks performance.”

Correct answer: A. Planning is pervasive

Planning in different functional areas shows pervasiveness. In exams connect functional areas with pervasiveness.

Correct answer: B. Planning assumes the future to be fully certain

Future orientation means preparation not certainty. In exams treat certain future as a wrong clue.

Correct answer: C. Planning is an intellectual process

Problem identification and analysis are parts of intellectual planning. In exams connect problem analysis with intellectual feature.

Correct answer: D. Planning is a continuous process

Review arrangement strengthens continuity of planning. In exams connect review mechanism with continuous process.

Correct answer: A. Planning is future oriented

Upcoming competition is a future condition. In exams connect upcoming competition with future orientation.