Features of planning

Correct answer: C. A mere mental wish without an action-oriented decision

Planning is an intellectual process because it involves studying facts, analysing alternatives, and making a suitable decision. However, it is not limited to a wish in the mind; it must also lead to a decision for action to achieve the objective. Therefore, option C is correct. Fact-based thinking and consideration of alternatives are important parts of planning. Exam tip: distinguish between a mere wish and a decision that leads to action.

Correct answer: D. Planning is pervasive

The correct answer is pervasiveness of planning. Planning is not confined to the finance department; it is required in production, marketing, human resources, and other departments at every managerial level. Excluding production and marketing weakens the feature that planning applies throughout the organisation. Goal orientation concerns the objectives to be achieved, not participation by different departments. Exam tip: Words such as “all departments” or “every level” usually indicate pervasiveness.

Correct answer: A. It will not be clear which objective the decisions are intended to achieve

Planning is goal-oriented. Even if a decision-making process exists, an unclear objective makes it impossible to judge which alternative will lead to the desired result. Therefore, the direction of decisions and their connection with the intended objective remain unclear. Unlike the other options, unclear objectives do not automatically make a plan effective or flexible. Exam tip: Link every step of planning to its stated objective.

Correct answer: A. Branch manager selects one of two promotion options for next year's sales target

Sales target is objective next year is future two options show decision and branch level shows pervasiveness.

Correct answer: A. Objective focus appears but intellectual and decision aspects are weak

Knowing the goal is objective focus. Not analysing alternatives weakens both thinking and decision.

Correct answer: A. It is a process of setting objectives, evaluating alternatives, and choosing the best course of action.

Planning is a deliberate process of setting objectives, analysing available alternatives, and selecting the most suitable course of action. Therefore, it is not simply an order issued from above. Option B describes giving directions, whereas planning requires considering alternatives before making a decision. Exam tip: Remember the key planning terms—objectives, alternatives, and best course of action.

Correct answer: A. Identify different features through clues of objective time level alternatives review and analysis

Different clues show different features in case questions. Objective indicates goal focus and review indicates continuity.