A. दोनों में अनुकूल चिपचिपे सिरे बन सकते हैं/Both can get compatible sticky ends
Step 1
Concept
Cutting with the same enzyme can produce compatible ends. This makes insertion of the gene into the vector easier.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोनों में अनुकूल चिपचिपे सिरे बन सकते हैं / Both can get compatible sticky ends. Cutting with the same enzyme can produce compatible ends. This makes insertion of the gene into the vector easier.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एक ही एंजाइम से काटने पर सिरे अनुकूल हो सकते हैं। इससे जीन को वेक्टर में जोड़ना आसान होता है।
The enzyme needs its recognition site to cut. If there is no BamHI site BamHI will not cut.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. डीएनए नहीं कटेगा / DNA will not be cut. The enzyme needs its recognition site to cut. If there is no BamHI site BamHI will not cut.
Step 3
Exam Tip
एंजाइम को कट करने के लिए अपना पहचान स्थल चाहिए। BamHI स्थल न हो तो BamHI कट नहीं करेगा।
A. अलग आकार के डीएनए खंड/DNA fragments of different sizes
Step 1
Concept
Gel bands show DNA fragments of different lengths. In exams link bands with fragment size.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अलग आकार के डीएनए खंड / DNA fragments of different sizes. Gel bands show DNA fragments of different lengths. In exams link bands with fragment size.
Step 3
Exam Tip
जेल बैंड अलग-अलग लंबाई के डीएनए खंड दिखाते हैं। परीक्षा में बैंड को fragment size से जोड़ें।
A. दो अलग प्रतिबंध एंजाइमों से directional cloning करना/Doing directional cloning with two different restriction enzymes
Step 1
Concept
Two different ends help control insert orientation. Treat this as an advantage of directional cloning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दो अलग प्रतिबंध एंजाइमों से directional cloning करना / Doing directional cloning with two different restriction enzymes. Two different ends help control insert orientation. Treat this as an advantage of directional cloning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दो अलग सिरे insert की दिशा नियंत्रित करने में मदद करते हैं। इसे directional cloning का लाभ मानें।
A. स्थायी जोड़ बनना कठिन होगा/Permanent joining will be difficult
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzyme makes the ends but ligase forms permanent bonds. Therefore ligase is needed.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. स्थायी जोड़ बनना कठिन होगा / Permanent joining will be difficult. Restriction enzyme makes the ends but ligase forms permanent bonds. Therefore ligase is needed.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzyme सिरों को बनाता है पर ligase स्थायी बंध बनाता है। इसलिए ligase जरूरी है।
A. खंडों के आकार का अनुमान लगाने के लिए/To estimate fragment sizes
Step 1
Concept
A DNA ladder gives a size standard. It helps estimate the length of sample bands.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. खंडों के आकार का अनुमान लगाने के लिए / To estimate fragment sizes. A DNA ladder gives a size standard. It helps estimate the length of sample bands.
Step 3
Exam Tip
DNA ladder आकार का मानक देता है। इससे sample bands की length का अनुमान लगाया जाता है।
A. अपूर्ण पाचन या कम डीएनए/Incomplete digestion or low DNA
Step 1
Concept
Incomplete digestion or low DNA can make a band weak or absent. Remember such reasons for practical questions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अपूर्ण पाचन या कम डीएनए / Incomplete digestion or low DNA. Incomplete digestion or low DNA can make a band weak or absent. Remember such reasons for practical questions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपूर्ण पाचन या कम DNA से band कमजोर या absent दिख सकता है। practical questions में ऐसे कारण याद रखें।
In incomplete digestion some DNA molecules are not fully cut. Therefore larger bands may appear.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अपूर्ण पाचन / Incomplete digestion. In incomplete digestion some DNA molecules are not fully cut. Therefore larger bands may appear.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अपूर्ण पाचन में कुछ DNA molecules पूरी तरह नहीं कटते। इसलिए बड़े bands दिख सकते हैं।
A. अपना DNA कटने से बचता है/Its own DNA is protected from cutting
Step 1
Concept
Methylation can protect self DNA from being cut. This is part of the restriction-modification system.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अपना DNA कटने से बचता है / Its own DNA is protected from cutting. Methylation can protect self DNA from being cut. This is part of the restriction-modification system.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मेथिलेशन self DNA को पहचानकर कटने से बचा सकता है। यह restriction-modification system का हिस्सा है।
Restriction enzymes help bacterial defense by cutting foreign phage DNA. This is their natural role.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. फेज DNA को काटना / Cutting phage DNA. Restriction enzymes help bacterial defense by cutting foreign phage DNA. This is their natural role.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes foreign phage DNA को काटकर bacterial defense में मदद करते हैं। यह natural role है।
A. एंजाइम गलत conditions में non-specific cut करे/Enzyme cuts non-specifically under wrong conditions
Step 1
Concept
In star activity an enzyme may cut outside its normal recognition specificity. It can be linked with improper reaction conditions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एंजाइम गलत conditions में non-specific cut करे / Enzyme cuts non-specifically under wrong conditions. In star activity an enzyme may cut outside its normal recognition specificity. It can be linked with improper reaction conditions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Star activity में enzyme अपने normal recognition से बाहर भी काट सकता है। यह improper reaction conditions से जुड़ा हो सकता है।
A. activity घट सकती है या बदल सकती है/Activity may decrease or change
Step 1
Concept
Buffer provides proper pH and ions for the enzyme. Wrong buffer can affect cutting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. activity घट सकती है या बदल सकती है / Activity may decrease or change. Buffer provides proper pH and ions for the enzyme. Wrong buffer can affect cutting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बफर enzyme के लिए सही pH और ions देता है। गलत buffer कटिंग को प्रभावित कर सकता है।
A. fragments की संख्या बढ़ सकती है/Number of fragments may increase
Step 1
Concept
More cut sites can produce more fragments. This changes the restriction pattern.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. fragments की संख्या बढ़ सकती है / Number of fragments may increase. More cut sites can produce more fragments. This changes the restriction pattern.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अधिक cut sites होने पर अधिक fragments बन सकते हैं। यह restriction pattern बदल देता है।
A. एक expected cut नहीं होगा और बड़ा fragment दिख सकता है/One expected cut will not occur and a larger fragment may appear
Step 1
Concept
Loss of a restriction site can reduce cutting. Two previous fragments may appear as one larger fragment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. एक expected cut नहीं होगा और बड़ा fragment दिख सकता है / One expected cut will not occur and a larger fragment may appear. Loss of a restriction site can reduce cutting. Two previous fragments may appear as one larger fragment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
restriction site हटने से cut कम हो सकता है। इससे पहले के दो fragments मिलकर बड़ा fragment दिखा सकते हैं।
A. नया अतिरिक्त cut और अधिक fragments/A new extra cut and more fragments
Step 1
Concept
A new restriction site can give an additional cut. This can change the fragment pattern in a gel.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नया अतिरिक्त cut और अधिक fragments / A new extra cut and more fragments. A new restriction site can give an additional cut. This can change the fragment pattern in a gel.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नया restriction site additional cut दे सकता है। इससे gel में fragment pattern बदल सकता है।
A. DNA को specific fragments में काटने के लिए/To cut DNA into specific fragments
Step 1
Concept
In RFLP fragment length differences are observed after restriction cuts. Therefore restriction enzyme is the first important tool.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA को specific fragments में काटने के लिए / To cut DNA into specific fragments. In RFLP fragment length differences are observed after restriction cuts. Therefore restriction enzyme is the first important tool.
Step 3
Exam Tip
RFLP में fragment length differences restriction cuts के बाद देखे जाते हैं। इसलिए restriction enzyme पहला महत्वपूर्ण उपकरण है।
A. DNA को pattern बनाने वाले fragments में काटना/Cutting DNA into fragments that form a pattern
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzymes can cut DNA into fragments with a repeatable pattern. This helps in DNA comparison.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA को pattern बनाने वाले fragments में काटना / Cutting DNA into fragments that form a pattern. Restriction enzymes can cut DNA into fragments with a repeatable pattern. This helps in DNA comparison.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes DNA को repeatable pattern वाले fragments में काट सकते हैं। यह DNA comparison में मदद करता है।
A. कौन सा enzyme किस sequence को पहचानता है/Which enzyme recognizes which sequence
Step 1
Concept
Specificity is linked with sequence recognition. Therefore enzyme-sequence matching tests it correctly.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कौन सा enzyme किस sequence को पहचानता है / Which enzyme recognizes which sequence. Specificity is linked with sequence recognition. Therefore enzyme-sequence matching tests it correctly.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Specificity sequence recognition से जुड़ी है। इसलिए enzyme-sequence matching इसका सही test है।
A. वे आसानी से pair नहीं करेंगे/They will not pair easily
Step 1
Concept
Sticky ends need complementarity to join. Without complementarity ligation will be difficult.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वे आसानी से pair नहीं करेंगे / They will not pair easily. Sticky ends need complementarity to join. Without complementarity ligation will be difficult.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Sticky ends को जुड़ने के लिए complementarity चाहिए। बिना complementarity ligation कठिन होगी।
A. ठंडी storage और सही buffer का उपयोग/Use cold storage and proper buffer
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzymes are proteins and can be condition-sensitive. Proper storage and buffer preserve activity.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. ठंडी storage और सही buffer का उपयोग / Use cold storage and proper buffer. Restriction enzymes are proteins and can be condition-sensitive. Proper storage and buffer preserve activity.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes proteins हैं और conditions sensitive हो सकते हैं। सही storage और buffer activity बचाते हैं।
A. methylation ने enzyme cutting रोक दी हो सकती है/Methylation may have blocked enzyme cutting
Step 1
Concept
Some enzymes cannot cut methylated sites. Therefore the expected restriction cut may not appear.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. methylation ने enzyme cutting रोक दी हो सकती है / Methylation may have blocked enzyme cutting. Some enzymes cannot cut methylated sites. Therefore the expected restriction cut may not appear.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कुछ enzymes methylated sites को काट नहीं पाते। इसलिए expected restriction cut नहीं दिख सकता।
A. गलत क्योंकि अलग enzymes अलग sequences पहचान सकते हैं/Incorrect because different enzymes can recognize different sequences
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzymes are sequence-specific and the sequence can differ by enzyme. This is a fundamental fact.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. गलत क्योंकि अलग enzymes अलग sequences पहचान सकते हैं / Incorrect because different enzymes can recognize different sequences. Restriction enzymes are sequence-specific and the sequence can differ by enzyme. This is a fundamental fact.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes sequence-specific होते हैं और sequence enzyme के अनुसार बदल सकता है। यह fundamental fact है।
A. जब complementary overhang मौजूद न हों/When complementary overhangs are absent
Step 1
Concept
Blunt ends lack overhangs so base pairing support is absent. This can make ligation comparatively harder.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब complementary overhang मौजूद न हों / When complementary overhangs are absent. Blunt ends lack overhangs so base pairing support is absent. This can make ligation comparatively harder.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Blunt ends में overhang नहीं होते इसलिए base pairing सहायता नहीं मिलती। इससे ligation तुलनात्मक रूप से कठिन हो सकती है।
A. पहले DNA cut फिर fragments अलग/First cut DNA then separate fragments
Step 1
Concept
First the restriction enzyme cuts DNA then the fragments are separated in a gel. This is the logical order of the experiment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. पहले DNA cut फिर fragments अलग / First cut DNA then separate fragments. First the restriction enzyme cuts DNA then the fragments are separated in a gel. This is the logical order of the experiment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले restriction enzyme DNA काटता है फिर gel में fragments अलग किए जाते हैं। यही प्रयोग का logical order है।
A. restriction sites की स्थिति/Positions of restriction sites
Step 1
Concept
A plasmid map shows enzyme sites for cloning planning. It helps understand cut positions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. restriction sites की स्थिति / Positions of restriction sites. A plasmid map shows enzyme sites for cloning planning. It helps understand cut positions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Plasmid map पर enzyme sites दिखाकर cloning planning की जाती है। इससे cut positions समझ आते हैं।
A. उसमें कई restriction sites होते हैं/It contains many restriction sites
Step 1
Concept
A multiple cloning site provides options for inserting DNA through many restriction sites. Link it with cloning flexibility.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उसमें कई restriction sites होते हैं / It contains many restriction sites. A multiple cloning site provides options for inserting DNA through many restriction sites. Link it with cloning flexibility.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Multiple cloning site में कई restriction sites होने से insert डालने के विकल्प मिलते हैं। इसे cloning flexibility से जोड़ें।
A. insert दोनों directions में लग सकता है/Insert may ligate in either direction
Step 1
Concept
With same compatible ends orientation control may be reduced. Directional cloning reduces this issue.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. insert दोनों directions में लग सकता है / Insert may ligate in either direction. With same compatible ends orientation control may be reduced. Directional cloning reduces this issue.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Same compatible ends होने पर orientation control कम हो सकता है। Directional cloning इस समस्या को घटाती है।
A. क्योंकि यह अंदर से काटता है/Because it cuts internally
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzymes are endonucleases because they cut within DNA. Exonucleases remove nucleotides from ends.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह अंदर से काटता है / Because it cuts internally. Restriction enzymes are endonucleases because they cut within DNA. Exonucleases remove nucleotides from ends.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes endonucleases हैं क्योंकि वे DNA के अंदर cut करते हैं। Exonuclease ends से nucleotides हटाता है।
A. bacteria में defense और lab में DNA cloning/Defense in bacteria and DNA cloning in lab
Step 1
Concept
The natural role is defense against foreign DNA and the lab role is DNA manipulation. This gives a complete view of the topic.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. bacteria में defense और lab में DNA cloning / Defense in bacteria and DNA cloning in lab. The natural role is defense against foreign DNA and the lab role is DNA manipulation. This gives a complete view of the topic.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Natural role foreign DNA defense है और lab role DNA manipulation है। यह topic का complete view देता है।
A. यह specific sequence cut करके sticky ends बना सकता है/It can cut a specific sequence and make sticky ends
Step 1
Concept
The usefulness of EcoRI is linked with specific cutting and sticky ends. Connect it with recombinant DNA.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह specific sequence cut करके sticky ends बना सकता है / It can cut a specific sequence and make sticky ends. The usefulness of EcoRI is linked with specific cutting and sticky ends. Connect it with recombinant DNA.
Step 3
Exam Tip
EcoRI की usefulness उसकी specific cutting और sticky ends से जुड़ी है। इसे recombinant DNA से जोड़ें।
A. उस enzyme का recognition sequence/Recognition sequence of that enzyme
Step 1
Concept
The cut site depends on the recognition sequence. Therefore checking the sequence is necessary.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उस enzyme का recognition sequence / Recognition sequence of that enzyme. The cut site depends on the recognition sequence. Therefore checking the sequence is necessary.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Cut site recognition sequence पर निर्भर करता है। इसलिए sequence check करना जरूरी है।
A. इसे starch digestion के लिए चुनना/Choosing it for starch digestion
Step 1
Concept
Restriction enzymes are DNA-specific tools. Enzymes like amylase are needed for starch digestion.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. इसे starch digestion के लिए चुनना / Choosing it for starch digestion. Restriction enzymes are DNA-specific tools. Enzymes like amylase are needed for starch digestion.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes DNA-specific tools हैं। Starch digestion के लिए amylase जैसे enzymes चाहिए होते हैं।
A. वे same recognition sequence पहचानेंगे/They will recognize the same recognition sequence
Step 1
Concept
Isoschizomers are different enzymes that recognize the same sequence. This is useful in enzyme choice.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वे same recognition sequence पहचानेंगे / They will recognize the same recognition sequence. Isoschizomers are different enzymes that recognize the same sequence. This is useful in enzyme choice.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Isoschizomers अलग enzymes होकर same sequence पहचानते हैं। यह enzyme choice में उपयोगी है।
Neoschizomers can cut at different positions on the same recognition sequence. This is restriction enzyme terminology.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. neoschizomers. Neoschizomers can cut at different positions on the same recognition sequence. This is restriction enzyme terminology.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Neoschizomers same recognition sequence पर अलग cut positions दे सकते हैं। यह restriction enzyme terminology है।
A. specific DNA sequence को cut करने वाला bacterial enzyme/Bacterial enzyme that cuts a specific DNA sequence
Step 1
Concept
This answer includes source function and specificity. At easy level this is the best summary.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. specific DNA sequence को cut करने वाला bacterial enzyme / Bacterial enzyme that cuts a specific DNA sequence. This answer includes source function and specificity. At easy level this is the best summary.
Step 3
Exam Tip
यह उत्तर source function और specificity तीनों बताता है। Easy level में यही सबसे सही सार है।
A. vector और insert compatible ends के साथ ligase से मिलें/Vector and insert with compatible ends are mixed with ligase
Step 1
Concept
Compatible ends and DNA ligase are needed to make a recombinant plasmid. Restriction enzymes can create compatible ends.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. vector और insert compatible ends के साथ ligase से मिलें / Vector and insert with compatible ends are mixed with ligase. Compatible ends and DNA ligase are needed to make a recombinant plasmid. Restriction enzymes can create compatible ends.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Compatible ends और DNA ligase recombinant plasmid बनाने के लिए जरूरी हैं। Restriction enzymes compatible ends बना सकते हैं।
Restriction enzymes were originally found in bacteria and are linked with defense. Remember this as a source-based fact.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. bacteria. Restriction enzymes were originally found in bacteria and are linked with defense. Remember this as a source-based fact.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Restriction enzymes मूल रूप से bacteria में मिले और defense system से जुड़े हैं। इसे source-based fact की तरह याद रखें।
A. recognition site से cutting और recombinant DNA/Cutting at recognition site and recombinant DNA
Step 1
Concept
The core idea of this topic is specific DNA cutting. It should be studied with recombinant DNA technology.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. recognition site से cutting और recombinant DNA / Cutting at recognition site and recombinant DNA. The core idea of this topic is specific DNA cutting. It should be studied with recombinant DNA technology.
Step 3
Exam Tip
इस topic का core idea specific DNA cutting है। इसे recombinant DNA technology से जोड़कर पढ़ना चाहिए।
