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SubjectsGeography
पृथ्वी का ऊष्मा बजट
Class 11 Geography explores the heat budget of the Earth as the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing terrestrial radiation. Students learn how the atmosphere, land, oceans, clouds, and ice reflect, absorb, store, and redistribute heat, and why the Earth’s average temperature remains broadly stable. The topic connects this balance with the greenhouse effect, latitudinal differences in heating, and the movement of heat through the atmosphere and oceans.
Correct answer: A. Tendency of surface warming will increase
Explanation: Higher net radiation provides more energy to the surface. Link net radiation with surface heating in exams.
Correct answer: A. Loss of longwave terrestrial energy
Explanation: On a clear night clouds are fewer and longwave energy escapes easily. Link clear nights with radiational cooling in exams.
Correct answer: A. Reflection of shortwave solar energy
Explanation: During day clouds send part of solar energy back to space. Remember daytime cloud effect as reflection in exams.
Correct answer: A. Counter radiation of longwave energy
Explanation: Clouds can send part of terrestrial radiation back toward the surface. Link nighttime cloud effect with counter radiation in exams.
Correct answer: A. Atmosphere changes energy through reflection scattering and absorption
Explanation: Solar energy is affected by atmospheric processes before reaching the surface. Treat surface energy as modified solar energy in exams.
Correct answer: A. Continuous uncontrolled warming or cooling of Earth
Explanation: Long term balance keeps Earths average temperature stable. Link heat budget with temperature stability in exams.
Correct answer: A. Out of hundred thirty five reflected sixty five absorbed and hundred total returned
Explanation: In the common model thirty five reflection and sixty five absorption are balanced by total hundred units returned. Remember the three numbers together.
Correct answer: A. Sixty five units
Explanation: Absorbed sixty five units are balanced by sixty five units of heat output over long time. Keep absorption and heat output equal in exams.
Correct answer: A. Because it returns to space before being absorbed by the Earth system
Explanation: Reflected energy does not heat Earth so it is counted in total outgoing. Treat reflected and emitted energy as outgoing components.
Correct answer: A. Absorbed energy remaining after reflection
Explanation: Energy that is not reflected and is absorbed is the real energy gain of the Earth system. Link energy gain with absorption in exams.
Correct answer: A. It absorbs terrestrial longwave energy
Explanation: Water vapour traps longwave energy and takes part in re radiation. Treat water vapour as a heat trapping gas in exams.
Correct answer: A. Absorption of longwave terrestrial radiation
Explanation: Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that can absorb terrestrial energy. Understand it as a longwave absorber in exams.
Correct answer: A. It explains thermal conditions through energy input output and distribution
Explanation: Temperature and climate are deeply linked with energy balance. Treat heat budget as a basic climate concept in exams.
Correct answer: A. Solar energy arrives some is reflected some is absorbed and Earth returns longwave energy
Explanation: Heat budget is the full chain of incoming reflection absorption and outgoing energy. Write answers in this sequence in exams.
Correct answer: A. The surface absorbs it and re-emits longwave heat
Explanation: Most incoming solar energy reaches Earth as relatively shortwave radiation. Land and water absorb part of it, increasing their internal energy and temperature. The warmed surface then emits energy as longer-wave infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases can absorb some of this outgoing radiation and re-emit it.
Correct answer: A. Incoming energy absorbed by Earth and energy leaving for space are unequal
Explanation: Thermal or radiative balance exists when the Earth–atmosphere system absorbs approximately as much energy as it sends back to space. An imbalance occurs when incoming absorbed energy and outgoing energy are unequal. A positive imbalance stores heat and raises temperature, while a negative imbalance causes cooling. Option B describes balance, not imbalance.
