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SubjectsGeography
पृथ्वी का ऊष्मा बजट
Class 11 Geography explores the heat budget of the Earth as the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing terrestrial radiation. Students learn how the atmosphere, land, oceans, clouds, and ice reflect, absorb, store, and redistribute heat, and why the Earth’s average temperature remains broadly stable. The topic connects this balance with the greenhouse effect, latitudinal differences in heating, and the movement of heat through the atmosphere and oceans.
Correct answer: A. Radiative balance shows energy input output while heat transport reduces regional inequality
Explanation: Radiative balance is the global energy account and transport redistributes energy among regions. In exams treat both as complementary concepts.
Correct answer: A. On the relative strength of both effects
Explanation: Clouds can produce both cooling and warming effects. In exams do not treat their net role as one sided.
Correct answer: A. When increase in longwave counter radiation is stronger than shortwave reduction
Explanation: The net heat budget effect depends on the strength of different energy flows. In exams examine both shortwave and longwave effects.
Correct answer: A. Energy surplus and warming tendency
Explanation: Higher absorption and lower direct escape can store energy in the Earth system. In exams check both input and output directions.
Correct answer: A. It shows that some wavelengths escape directly and some are absorbed by gases
Explanation: The atmospheric window shows selective escape of longwave energy. In exams link it with wavelength based absorption.
Correct answer: A. Negative balancing feedback
Explanation: A warmer surface emits more energy and works to reduce energy surplus. In exams understand it as balancing emission.
Correct answer: A. When ice decreases absorption increases and can strengthen further warming
Explanation: When ice is removed darker surface is exposed and absorbs more solar energy. In exams treat it as positive albedo feedback.
Correct answer: A. Because excess heat is transferred toward high latitudes
Explanation: Energy inequality drives atmospheric and oceanic motion. In exams link circulation with energy gradients.
Correct answer: A. The deficit may increase
Explanation: High latitudes get partial balance from imported heat transport. In exams include imported heat in polar budgets.
Correct answer: A. They produce both shortwave reflection and longwave trapping
Explanation: Clouds can both reduce incoming energy and trap outgoing energy. In exams write both sides of cloud influence.
Correct answer: A. Warming effect is possible
Explanation: Low shortwave reflection and high longwave trapping can favor warming. In exams understand the effect of cloud type.
Correct answer: A. Cooling effect
Explanation: Thick low clouds reduce energy reaching the surface due to high albedo. In exams link low clouds with daytime cooling.
Correct answer: A. When reduced reflection increases absorption and outgoing energy does not rise immediately
Explanation: Lower albedo can keep more energy in the Earth system. In exams note time lag in restoring balance.
Correct answer: A. Input and output may differ momentarily but long term average remains balanced
Explanation: Heat budget describes long term global average and does not remove local or daily differences. In exams keep time scale clear.
Correct answer: A. High energy absorption and slow temperature change
Explanation: Low albedo raises absorption and high heat capacity slows temperature change. In exams study surface properties separately.
Correct answer: A. Heat capacity albedo and heat storage
Explanation: Sea and city absorb store and emit energy differently. In exams link surface type with local budget.
Correct answer: A. It modifies both solar and terrestrial energy flows
Explanation: The atmosphere reflects scatters absorbs and re radiates. In exams remember its multiple roles.
Correct answer: A. By checking equality of total incoming and total returned energy
Explanation: The sums in heat budget must follow energy conservation. In exams use total sums to identify wrong options.
Correct answer: A. Sixty units
Explanation: If forty out of hundred is reflected then sixty units can remain absorbed in the Earth system. In exams solve by subtraction.
Correct answer: A. Five unit energy deficit
Explanation: Outgoing energy is five units more than absorption so deficit occurs. In exams calculate the difference between absorption and emission.
Correct answer: A. Energy surplus
Explanation: Absorbed energy is five units greater than outgoing energy. In exams link higher absorption with warming tendency.
Correct answer: A. It helps restore balance by sending excess heat out
Explanation: A warmer surface can emit more longwave energy. In exams treat outgoing radiation as a balancing mechanism.
Correct answer: A. Because the surface can store energy and release it slowly
Explanation: Heat capacity and energy storage can delay temperature response. In exams link thermal lag with energy storage.
Correct answer: A. Re radiation of absorbed longwave energy by atmosphere toward the surface
Explanation: The direct answer is A: re-radiation toward the surface of longwave energy absorbed by the atmosphere. Earth’s surface receives shortwave solar energy, warms, and emits terrestrial longwave radiation. Greenhouse gases and clouds absorb some of this longwave energy and then emit radiation in different directions, including downward toward the surface. This downward part is called counter radiation or back radiation. Option A is correct because it describes both the absorbed longwave energy and its downward re-emission. Option B is wrong because solar energy moving toward the sea is not the definition of counter radiation; sunlight is mainly shortwave incoming radiation. Option C is wrong because radiation is energy transfer, not reflection changing into sound. Option D is wrong because the surface does not create solar energy; it receives sunlight and emits terrestrial heat. Counter radiation does not mean that all heat remains at the surface, but it reduces the rate of surface cooling and is an important part of the greenhouse effect. Memory cue: surface sends longwave up; atmosphere sends some longwave back down.
Correct answer: A. Minimum temperature may remain relatively higher
Explanation: More counter radiation reduces heat loss from the surface. Link clouds and water vapour with night heat protection in exams.
