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Class 11 Geography explores the heat budget of the Earth as the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing terrestrial radiation. Students learn how the atmosphere, land, oceans, clouds, and ice reflect, absorb, store, and redistribute heat, and why the Earth’s average temperature remains broadly stable. The topic connects this balance with the greenhouse effect, latitudinal differences in heating, and the movement of heat through the atmosphere and oceans.
TOPIC PRACTICE
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Because some trace gases strongly affect radiation balance
Because all gases are colourless
Because gases never change
Because climate is formed only by mountains
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Because it completely blocks sound
Because it forms sea salt
Because it can absorb terrestrial longwave radiation
Because it makes air pressure zero
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Thirty five units
Fourteen units
Fifty one units
Seventeen units
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Surface is the main absorber in the heat budget
Atmosphere reflects all energy
Earth emits no terrestrial radiation
Oceans do not stop solar energy
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Atmosphere is a partial absorber of incoming energy
Atmosphere only emits energy
Atmosphere has no relation with solar energy
Atmosphere prevents all energy from reaching the surface
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Some longwave energy escapes through the atmospheric window
All energy is trapped in clouds
Surface emits shortwave energy
Sun gives longwave energy to Earth
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Average temperature
Shape of Earth
Ocean depth
Moon's orbit
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Clouds surfaces and atmospheric particles together return energy
Only oceans return all energy
Only Earth's core returns energy
Only volcanoes reflect solar energy
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Greenhouse gases absorb longwaves more effectively
Greenhouse gases absorb only sound
Shortwaves are emitted by Earth
Longwaves come only from the Moon
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Clouds reflect a large part of incoming shortwave energy
Clouds absorb all surface energy and give it to the Sun
Clouds change Earth's rotation direction
Clouds always make air pressure zero
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At night they trap and return terrestrial longwave radiation
At night they give more energy to the Sun
At night they change Earth's axis
At night they always make albedo zero
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Net absorbed energy will decrease
Net absorbed energy will always increase
Rule of terrestrial radiation will end
Formation of atmosphere will stop
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Albedo decreases so more absorption and more melting may occur
Albedo increases so all energy returns
The Sun moves away from poles
Atmosphere stops making longwave radiation
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They scatter radiation and can also absorb some energy
They only stop Earth's motion
They freeze all oceans
They produce solar energy
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It slows surface heat loss through counter radiation
It completely stops solar energy from reaching the surface
It prevents the surface from emitting radiation
It separates oceans from the atmosphere
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Some escapes directly and the rest goes through the atmosphere
All energy remains stored in Earth's core
All energy becomes permanent in the ocean
All energy returns to Sun as shortwave
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Positive energy imbalance
Complete solar reflection
Zero energy input
Complete absence of terrestrial radiation
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There solar energy gain exceeds longwave loss
Terrestrial radiation does not occur there
Atmosphere is absent there
Albedo is always one hundred percent there
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Winds and ocean currents bring heat from low latitudes
Poles receive no energy from the Sun
Terrestrial radiation does not occur at poles
The Moon warms the poles
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Because energy is stored as latent heat in it
Because it cools the Sun
Because it changes Earth's orbit
Because it ends terrestrial radiation
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It releases latent heat and warms the atmosphere
It sends all energy instantly to space
It permanently makes albedo zero
It creates shortwave energy from the Sun
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Clear sky low water vapour and dry surface
Thick clouds high water vapour and wet surface
Continuous rainfall and high humidity
Dense forest and marshy land
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Through low albedo high absorption and heat storage
Only through sea tides
Only through glacier movement
Through complete solar reflection
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It gives the basis of potential solar energy entering Earth system
It measures radioactive heat inside Earth
It tells only wind direction
It fixes cloud height
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Because convection conduction and latent heat also transfer energy
Because radiation does not occur on Earth
Because the Sun gives no energy
Because atmosphere is a fixed solid
Question 1HardLevel 1
Why can even a very small change in the proportion of atmospheric gases be considered a climate indicator?
Correct answer: A
Answer: A. Climate depends partly on the balance between energy received from the Sun and heat sent back from Earth. Some gases are present only in trace amounts, yet they absorb outgoing infrared radiation very effectively. If the amount of carbon dioxide, methane, or another greenhouse gas changes slightly, the amount of heat retained in the atmosphere can also change. Over time, this may influence average temperature and climate patterns. B is irrelevant: being colourless does not determine radiative influence. C is false because atmospheric gas concentrations can change naturally and through human activities. D is false because mountains are only one factor affecting local or regional climate, not the complete explanation. Memory cue: “Small quantity does not always mean small climate effect.”
Why is the effect of atmospheric CO2 considered to depend more on its radiative properties than on its amount?
Correct answer: C
Direct answer: C is correct. The surface of Earth receives energy from the Sun and later sends much of that energy back upward as longwave infrared radiation. Carbon dioxide has molecular properties that allow it to absorb some important wavelengths of this outgoing radiation. After absorbing energy, CO2 can emit radiation in different directions, including back toward the surface. This changes the movement of heat through the atmosphere and contributes to the greenhouse effect. Thus, a gas does not need to be the most abundant gas to affect climate; its ability to interact with relevant radiation is crucial. A is wrong because sound blocking is not the climatic role of CO2. B is unrelated to its greenhouse action, and D is false because CO2 does not reduce air pressure to zero. Memory cue: climate influence depends on “which radiation a gas absorbs,” not simply on how much gas exists.
What does absorption of about fifty one units out of one hundred units of solar energy by the surface show?
Correct answer: A
The surface absorbs a large part of incoming energy and later emits it as longwave radiation. Exam tip: connect surface absorption with outgoing radiation.
How is the fifty one units of energy absorbed by the surface ultimately balanced to space?
Correct answer: A
Part of surface energy escapes directly and a larger part reaches space through atmospheric processes. Exam tip: remember the pathway of surface output.
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