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Class 11 Biology

Biology is the study of living organisms, including their structure, functions, growth, reproduction, heredity, evolution, ecology and relationships with the environment. Students develop an understanding of cells, tissues, organisms and biological processes while learning to interpret diagrams, terminology, data and scientific explanations. The subject pages organise learning into chapters and topics for focused study. Topic-wise MCQs help students check concepts and recall, while answers and clear explanations show why an option is correct and help identify misunderstandings. Together, these resources support systematic revision, practice and stronger understanding of key biological ideas.

1

The Living World

जीव जगत

In Class 11 Biology, the chapter The Living World introduces the diversity of organisms and the need to study, identify, name, and classify them systematically. It explains biodiversity, taxonomy, and the basic principles of binomial nomenclature used for scientific naming. Students learn how classification systems organise living organisms and why standardised descriptions and naming are important for clear biological communication.

568 questions
2

Biological Classification

जैविक वर्गीकरण

In this Class 11 Biology chapter, students learn how scientists organize living organisms based on shared features, cell structure, mode of nutrition, reproduction, and evolutionary relationships. The chapter explains major classification systems and the characteristics of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. It also introduces viruses, viroids, lichens, and biological nomenclature, helping students compare diverse forms of life and understand the logic behind scientific classification.

20 questions
3

Plant Kingdom

पादप जगत

In this Class 11 Biology chapter, students explore the diversity and classification of the plant kingdom, from simple algae to complex flowering plants. They compare major groups such as bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms using features like body organisation, vascular tissues, seeds, flowers and reproductive structures. The chapter also introduces alternation of generations, life cycles, and the ecological and economic importance of plants.

1 questions
4

Animal Kingdom

प्राणी जगत

This Class 11 Biology chapter introduces the diversity and classification of animals. Students learn the principles used to group organisms and compare major features such as levels of organisation, body symmetry, germ layers, coelom, segmentation and the presence of a notochord. The chapter examines important non-chordate phyla and chordates, highlighting their characteristic traits, examples and evolutionary relationships to build a clear understanding of animal diversity.

4 questions
5

Morphology of Flowering Plants

पुष्पी पादपों की आकारिकी

This Class 11 Biology chapter introduces students to the external form and structural features of flowering plants. It explains the main parts of a plant—root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed—and shows how their shapes and functions are related. Students examine root, stem, and leaf modifications, understand the structure and arrangement of floral parts, and explore inflorescence, fruit formation, and seed structure. The chapter also develops skills in observing, describing, and identifying plant features using clear biological terminology.

33 questions
6

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

पुष्पी पादपों की शारीरिक रचना

In this Class 11 Biology chapter, students explore how flowering plants are internally organized for growth, transport, support, and reproduction. They study plant tissues and tissue systems, then examine the anatomical structure of roots, stems, and leaves in dicot and monocot plants. The chapter also explains vascular bundles, differences between primary and secondary growth, and the role of cambium in increasing plant girth, helping students connect microscopic structures with plant functions.

0 questions
7

Structural Organisation in Animals

जंतुओं में संरचनात्मक संगठन

This Class 11 Biology chapter explores how animal bodies are organised from cells into tissues, organs and organ systems. Students learn the structure and functions of epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissues, and understand how specialised tissues work together. The chapter also introduces the external features and internal organisation of representative animals such as the earthworm, cockroach and frog, helping students connect biological structure with functions like movement, digestion, circulation, respiration and reproduction.

0 questions
8

Cell – The Unit of Life

कोशिका – जीवन की इकाई

In this Class 11 Biology chapter, students explore the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of life. They learn the foundations of cell theory and compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including their organization and functions. The chapter explains the structure and roles of major cell components such as the plasma membrane, cell wall, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and vacuoles. It also introduces membrane transport and the relationship between cellular structure and function.

3 questions
9

Biomolecules

जैव-अणु

This Class 11 Biology chapter introduces the chemical compounds that form living organisms and support life processes. Students explore carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, relating their molecular structures to functions such as energy storage, cell structure, catalysis and genetic information. The chapter also explains monomers, polymers, peptide and glycosidic bonds, levels of protein organisation, and the role of enzymes in regulating biochemical reactions. It builds a foundation for understanding metabolism and cellular activity.

0 questions
10

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

कोशिका चक्र और कोशिका विभाजन

In this Class 11 Biology chapter, students explore the cell cycle and the carefully coordinated events that allow cells to grow, duplicate their DNA, and divide. They study interphase, including the G1, S, and G2 stages, followed by the M phase; compare mitosis and meiosis; and understand chromosome behaviour, cytokinesis, and the formation of genetically different gametes. The chapter also explains the importance of cell division in growth, tissue repair, reproduction, heredity, and genetic variation.

0 questions
11

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

उच्च पादपों में प्रकाश-संश्लेषण

This Class 11 Biology chapter explains how green plants convert light energy into chemical energy and prepare food. Students explore the role of chloroplasts and photosynthetic pigments, the structure of the leaf, light-dependent reactions, electron transport, and the formation of ATP and NADPH. The chapter also covers the Calvin cycle, carbon fixation in C3 and C4 plants, photorespiration, and factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, helping learners connect cellular processes with plant growth and productivity.

4 questions
12

Respiration in Plants

पौधों में श्वसन

This Class 11 Biology chapter, Respiration in Plants, explains how plant cells release energy from food and convert it into ATP for growth, repair and other life processes. Students learn the stages of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain, along with the roles of mitochondria, oxygen and enzymes. The chapter also compares aerobic respiration with anaerobic respiration and fermentation, and relates respiration to gas exchange and factors affecting its rate.

0 questions
13

Plant Growth and Development

पादप वृद्धि एवं विकास

This Class 11 Biology chapter explains how plants grow from seeds into mature organisms and how their form and functions change over time. Students explore phases of growth, meristems, growth rates, differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation, along with the roles of plant growth regulators such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene and abscisic acid. It also introduces seed dormancy, germination, photoperiodism and vernalisation.

0 questions
14

Breathing and Exchange of Gases

श्वसन और गैसों का विनिमय

In this Class 11 Biology chapter, students explore how humans take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide through the respiratory system. They study the structure and functions of the nasal passage, trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli, along with the mechanics of breathing and the exchange of gases across respiratory surfaces. The chapter also explains how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in blood, how breathing is regulated, and how disorders such as asthma, emphysema and occupational respiratory diseases affect health.

1 questions
15

Body Fluids and Circulation

शरीर द्रव तथा परिसंचरण

This Class 11 Biology chapter explains how body fluids support transport, protection and internal balance. Students learn about the composition and functions of blood, lymph and plasma, along with blood groups and clotting. It describes the structure and working of the human heart, blood vessels, the cardiac cycle, double circulation and electrocardiography. The chapter also introduces common circulatory disorders and helps learners connect these concepts with the maintenance of a healthy body.

0 questions
16

Excretory Products and Their Elimination

उत्सर्जी पदार्थ और उनका निष्कासन

This Class 11 Biology chapter explains how organisms remove metabolic wastes and maintain the internal balance of water and salts. Students learn about nitrogenous excretory products such as ammonia, urea and uric acid, along with the structure and functions of the human excretory system. The chapter describes nephron-based urine formation through ultrafiltration, selective reabsorption and tubular secretion, and introduces osmoregulation, common excretory disorders and the role of dialysis.

0 questions
17

Locomotion and Movement

गमन एवं संचलन

Class 11 Biology chapter “Locomotion and Movement” explains how organisms and body parts move, distinguishing cellular movement, bodily movement, and locomotion. Students explore the human skeletal system, types of joints, and the structure and functions of skeletal muscles. The chapter also describes muscle contraction through the sliding-filament mechanism, including the roles of actin, myosin, calcium ions, and ATP, and introduces common movement-related disorders.

0 questions
18

Neural Control and Coordination

तंत्रिका नियंत्रण और समन्वय

This Class 11 Biology chapter explains how animals receive information, process it, and respond through neural coordination. Students explore the structure and function of neurons, generation and transmission of nerve impulses, synapses, and the organisation of the human nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and autonomic pathways. The chapter also introduces reflex action and the role of sensory receptors and sense organs in helping the body detect and respond to internal and external stimuli.

0 questions
19

Chemical Coordination and Integration

रासायनिक समन्वय एवं एकीकरण

This Class 11 Biology chapter explains how the endocrine system coordinates body functions through hormones and chemical signals. Students learn about major endocrine glands, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, pineal gland, thymus and gonads, along with the roles of their hormones. The chapter also introduces hormone action, feedback regulation, growth, metabolism, reproduction and common endocrine disorders, helping students understand how the body maintains internal balance.

0 questions

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