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The first number is 3 less than twice the second number. Their sum is 42. What is the smaller number?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 15

The governing concept is translating verbal conditions into a pair of linear equations and solving by substitution. Let the first number be x and the second be y. “The first is 3 less than twice the second” gives x = 2y - 3, while their sum gives x + y = 42. Substitute the first relation into the sum: (2y - 3) + y = 42, so 3y - 3 = 42, 3y = 45, and y = 15. Then x = 2(15) - 3 = 27. Since 15 is smaller than 27, the smaller number is 15, so option C is correct. A check gives 27 + 15 = 42 and 27 is exactly 3 less than 30, twice 15. The other options fail at least one condition.

Related tags

Linear EquationsWord ProblemSubstitutionClass 10Algebraic Methods: Substitution Method And Elimination Method.Algebraic Methods Substitution Method And Elimination MethodPair Of Linear Equations In Two VariablesMathematics

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