Important Revolts and Movements

Titu Mir was associated with peasant and religious resistance in Bengal. His bamboo fort is remembered as a famous symbol of anti-colonial resistance.

The Kundara Proclamation was linked with opposition to British dominance in Travancore. Remember it as an early resistance in South India.

Veerapandiya Kattabomman was associated with Polygar resistance in the Tamil region. Link him with anti-colonial resistance in South India.

Puli Thevar was a leader of early local resistance in South India. Remember him with the Polygar tradition.

Patna was an important centre of the Wahabi Movement. Link it with both religious reform and anti-colonial opposition.

Haji Shariatullah founded the Faraizi Movement. Dudu Miyan later linked it more strongly with peasant struggle.

Tipu Shah was a major leader of peasant resistance in the Pagal Panthi Movement. Remember it with the Mymensingh region.

The Kuka Movement was linked with Namdhari Sikh reform and anti-British resistance. Baba Ram Singh was its key leader.

Madari Pasi is counted among the major peasant leaders of the Eka Movement. The movement opposed rent and exploitation.

Baba Ramchandra was an important leader linked with the Awadh Kisan Sabha. Connect it with peasants' opposition to rent and forced labour.

Vaikom Satyagraha was linked with social equality and access to public roads. Study it as an anti-untouchability movement.

The Guruvayur Satyagraha was linked with temple entry rights. Remember it with social reform movements.

The Self-Respect Movement was associated with Periyar. Its aim was to promote social equality and anti-caste awareness.

The Justice Party was connected with non-Brahmin political representation in Madras Presidency. Link it with early social justice politics.

Indian soldiers at the Meerut cantonment revolted against British officers on 10 May 1857. Many rebels reached Delhi the next day and proclaimed the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II as their leader. 23 March 1857 is associated with Mangal Pandey's incident at Barrackpore, not with the Meerut uprising. Exam tip: remember the sequence Meerut—10 May and Delhi—11 May for the Revolt of 1857.

The rebels declared Bahadur Shah Zafar as the symbolic emperor. Delhi became a major centre of the 1857 revolt.

The governing historical fact is that Awadh, also called Oudh, was annexed by the East India Company in 1856 during the tenure of Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856. The Company accused the ruler of maladministration, though annexation also reflected its expansionist policy. Therefore option B is correct. The event created deep resentment among soldiers, landlords, nobles and the wider population and became one of the important political causes of the Revolt of 1857. Curzon served much later, Ripon was associated with the late nineteenth century, and Irwin served in the twentieth century, so none of them fits the date.

Rani Lakshmibai became the symbol of Jhansi's resistance. Remember her with the Doctrine of Lapse and 1857.

Nil Darpan depicted the suffering of indigo peasants in Bengal. It is considered a literary expression of the Indigo Revolt.

The Indigo Commission examined coercion in indigo cultivation. Remember it as an outcome of the Indigo Revolt.