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What is the complete factorised form of x⁴ − 81?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (x − 3)(x + 3)(x² + 9)

The correct answer is B: (x − 3)(x + 3)(x² + 9). Begin by seeing x⁴ as (x²)² and 81 as 9². Using the difference-of-squares identity p² − q² = (p − q)(p + q), we get x⁴ − 81 = (x² − 9)(x² + 9). The factor x² − 9 can be factored again because it is another difference of squares: x² − 9 = x² − 3² = (x − 3)(x + 3). The factor x² + 9 is not factorised further over the real numbers. Therefore the complete factorisation is (x − 3)(x + 3)(x² + 9). Option A is only an intermediate step, not complete. Option C incorrectly treats x⁴ − 81 as x² − 81. Option D gives a square of x² − 9, which would produce different terms. Memory cue: after applying an identity, always check whether any factor can be broken further.

Related tags

Complete FactorisationDifference Of SquaresAlgebraic IdentitiesFactorisationExploring Algebraic IdentitiesMathematicsClass 9 Mcq

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