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If the previous hypotenuse at a step in a square root spiral is (\sqrt{n}), what is the new hypotenuse after adding a (1) unit perpendicular?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (\sqrt{n+1})

A square root spiral uses right triangles to create successive lengths. If the old hypotenuse is \(\sqrt{n}\) and a new perpendicular of length 1 is drawn at a right angle, the old hypotenuse becomes one leg of the larger right triangle. The new hypotenuse is therefore found from the squares of the two perpendicular sides, not by simply adding lengths.

By Pythagoras, the new length is \(\sqrt{(\sqrt{n})^2+1^2}\). Since \((\sqrt{n})^2=n\) and \(1^2=1\), this becomes \(\sqrt{n+1}\). Thus option A is correct. The other choices either subtract, double, or square the wrong quantity.

Related tags

Number-SystemsSquare-Root-SpiralGeneral-Rule

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