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If 21 × 19 is seen as (20 + 1)(20 − 1), which identity is used?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (a + b)(a − b) = a² − b²

The correct answer is A. The numbers 21 and 19 are equally far from 20: 21 = 20 + 1 and 19 = 20 − 1. Therefore their product has the form (a + b)(a − b). The identity gives 21 × 19 = 20² − 1² = 400 − 1 = 399. Option B is used when the same binomial is multiplied by itself, not when conjugate binomials are multiplied. Option C also squares one binomial and has the wrong structure. Option D is the distributive property, but it is not the special identity being highlighted here. A useful memory cue is: numbers equally spaced around a middle number multiply as middle² minus distance².

Related tags

Difference Of SquaresMental MultiplicationConjugate BinomialsAlgebraic IdentitiesVisual Models Of IdentitiesExploring Algebraic IdentitiesMathematicsClass 9 Mcq

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