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What is the factorised form of $y^2 + 12y + 36$?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: $(y + 6)^2$

The direct answer is A. Compare the expression with the perfect-square identity $p^2+2pq+q^2=(p+q)^2$. Here $y^2$ is $p^2$, 36 is $q^2$, so $p=y$ and $q=6$. The middle term is $2pq=2×y×6=12y$, exactly as required. Therefore $y^2+12y+36=(y+6)^2$. Expanding A gives $y^2+6y+6y+36=y^2+12y+36$. B expands to $y^2−12y+36$, so its middle sign is wrong. C expands to $y^2+15y+36$, not 12y. D expands to $y^2+13y+36$, also incorrect. The key is to use the square root of the constant term and then check twice the product with the first term. Memory cue: a positive middle term means the repeated binomial has a plus sign; a negative middle term would require a minus sign.

Related tags

Perfect Square TrinomialAlgebraic IdentitiesFactorisationExploring Algebraic IdentitiesMathematicsClass 9 Mcq

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