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Which is the correct factorisation of \(125x^3 − 216y^3\)?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (5x − 6y)(25x^2 + 30xy + 36y^2)

The direct answer is A. First recognise that \(125x^3=(5x)^3\) and \(216y^3=(6y)^3\). The expression is therefore a difference of cubes, \(u^3−v^3\), where \(u=5x\) and \(v=6y\). The identity is \(u^3−v^3=(u−v)(u^2+uv+v^2)\). Substituting gives \((5x−6y)[(5x)^2+(5x)(6y)+(6y)^2]=(5x−6y)(25x^2+30xy+36y^2)\). Thus A reproduces the original expression when expanded. B uses the sum factor and is the identity for a sum of cubes, not this difference. C has the wrong negative sign in the middle term; expanding it does not cancel correctly. D does not take the cube roots as the first factor and its second factor is incomplete, so it cannot produce the required cubic expression. Memory cue: for a difference of cubes, the signs are minus in the first factor and plus, plus in the second factor.

Related tags

Difference Of CubesFactorisationAlgebraic IdentitiesExploring Algebraic IdentitiesMathematicsClass 9 Mcq

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