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Factorise x^2 − 2xy + y^2.

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (x − y)^2

The correct answer is B: (x − y)^2. Start with the identity (p − q)^2 = p^2 − 2pq + q^2. Compare it with x^2 − 2xy + y^2. Taking p = x and q = y gives p^2 = x^2, −2pq = −2xy, and q^2 = y^2, so every term matches. Therefore x^2 − 2xy + y^2 = (x − y)^2. Option A is (x + y)^2, whose expansion is x^2 + 2xy + y^2; its middle sign is wrong. Option C is (x − y)(x + y), which uses the difference-of-squares identity and expands to x^2 − y^2, so it has no −2xy term. Option D expands to xy − y^2 and does not even contain the required x^2 term. Memory cue: when the first and last terms are squares and the middle term is negative twice their roots multiplied, use the square of a difference.

Related tags

Perfect-SquareMinus-SignIdentity-Based-FactorisationFactorisationExploring Algebraic IdentitiesMathematicsClass 9 Mcq

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