How does an independent judiciary protect a weak citizen against a powerful state?

Correct answer: By giving fair hearing and relief based on law

The correct answer is A. A state has greater resources and authority than an individual, so a weak citizen needs an institution that can hear the complaint independently. An independent court considers the Constitution, relevant law, evidence, and fair procedure rather than automatically accepting the government’s position. If a public authority has acted unlawfully, the court may provide an appropriate remedy, such as directing the authority to follow the law or protecting the person’s legal rights. This creates a check on arbitrary state power and makes equality before law more meaningful. Option A is correct because it combines a fair hearing with lawful relief. Option B is wrong because the state is not automatically right merely because it is powerful. Option C is wrong because access to courts is part of rights protection, not something to be denied. Option D is wrong because courts must decide according to law, not conduct government propaganda. Memory cue: an independent court is a lawful referee between the citizen and the state.