What do judicial independence and judicial review together ensure in democracy?

Correct answer: Pressure-free courts and Constitution-based review

Answer: A, pressure-free courts and Constitution-based review. Judicial independence means judges can decide cases according to law and evidence, without improper pressure from the government, political parties, powerful groups, or private interests. Judicial review means that courts can examine laws and government actions and check whether they agree with the Constitution. Together, these ideas create checks and balances: an independent court can review the work of other institutions fairly and can protect constitutional rights. B is wrong because election campaigns and budgets are mainly connected with elections, the executive, and the legislature. C is wrong because appointing ministers and collecting taxes are executive or legislative functions, not the combined purpose of the judiciary. D is unrelated to the constitutional role of courts. Memory cue: independence protects the judge’s decision; review protects the Constitution.