A. घरेलू क्षेत्र में अंतिम उत्पादन/Final output in domestic territory
Step 1
Concept
GDP measures final output in domestic territory. In exams treat GDP as a location-based aggregate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घरेलू क्षेत्र में अंतिम उत्पादन / Final output in domestic territory. GDP measures final output in domestic territory. In exams treat GDP as a location-based aggregate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic territory में final output को मापता है। परीक्षा में GDP को location-based aggregate समझें।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाया नहीं गया है/Depreciation has not been deducted
Step 1
Concept
Gross means value before deducting depreciation. In exams distinguish gross and net through depreciation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाया नहीं गया है / Depreciation has not been deducted. Gross means value before deducting depreciation. In exams distinguish gross and net through depreciation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross का अर्थ depreciation घटाने से पहले की value है। परीक्षा में gross और net का अंतर depreciation से करें।
A. देश के भीतर विदेशी बैंक की सेवा/Service of a foreign bank within the country
Step 1
Concept
GDP takes production within the economic territory of the country. In exams check territory instead of ownership.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. देश के भीतर विदेशी बैंक की सेवा / Service of a foreign bank within the country. GDP takes production within the economic territory of the country. In exams check territory instead of ownership.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP देश की economic territory में हुए production को लेता है। परीक्षा में ownership की जगह territory देखें।
A. दोहरे गणना से बचने के लिए/To avoid double counting
Step 1
Concept
Taking final goods avoids double counting of intermediate goods. Remember the final output rule in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरे गणना से बचने के लिए / To avoid double counting. Taking final goods avoids double counting of intermediate goods. Remember the final output rule in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Final goods लेने से intermediate goods की double counting नहीं होती। परीक्षा में final output rule याद रखें।
A. Final car में लगी tyre का अलग मूल्य/Separate value of tyre used in a final car
Step 1
Concept
The value of tyre is included in the price of the final car. Do not add intermediate inputs separately in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Final car में लगी tyre का अलग मूल्य / Separate value of tyre used in a final car. The value of tyre is included in the price of the final car. Do not add intermediate inputs separately in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Tyre का मूल्य final car के price में शामिल होता है। परीक्षा में intermediate inputs को अलग से न जोड़ें।
NIT means net indirect taxes. In exams connect it with indirect taxes minus subsidies.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर / Net indirect taxes. NIT means net indirect taxes. In exams connect it with indirect taxes minus subsidies.
Step 3
Exam Tip
NIT का अर्थ net indirect taxes है। परीक्षा में इसे indirect taxes minus subsidies से जोड़ें।
A. क्योंकि यह निश्चित अवधि में मापा जाता है/Because it is measured over a specific period
Step 1
Concept
GDP is measured over a period such as an accounting year. Treat output aggregates as flow variables in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह निश्चित अवधि में मापा जाता है / Because it is measured over a specific period. GDP is measured over a period such as an accounting year. Treat output aggregates as flow variables in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP एक accounting year जैसी अवधि में मापा जाता है। परीक्षा में output aggregates को flow समझें।
A. क्योंकि यह current production नहीं है/Because it is not current production
Step 1
Concept
An old house was already counted when produced earlier. Do not include the full value of second-hand assets in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह current production नहीं है / Because it is not current production. An old house was already counted when produced earlier. Do not include the full value of second-hand assets in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुराना घर पहले उत्पादन में गिना जा चुका होता है। परीक्षा में second-hand assets की full value include न करें।
A. क्योंकि यह current service है/Because it is a current service
Step 1
Concept
Agent fee is payment for a current service. Keep old asset and current service charge separate in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह current service है / Because it is a current service. Agent fee is payment for a current service. Keep old asset and current service charge separate in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Agent fee चालू वर्ष की सेवा का भुगतान है। परीक्षा में old asset और current service charge को अलग रखें।
A new book is final output of the current year. Distinguish current production from transfers and resale in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नई पुस्तक की बिक्री / Sale of a new book. A new book is final output of the current year. Distinguish current production from transfers and resale in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई पुस्तक चालू वर्ष का final output है। परीक्षा में current production को transfer और resale से अलग पहचानें।
A. क्योंकि यह transfer payment है/Because it is a transfer payment
Step 1
Concept
No current productive service is received in return for scholarship. Keep transfer payments outside GDP in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह transfer payment है / Because it is a transfer payment. No current productive service is received in return for scholarship. Keep transfer payments outside GDP in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Scholarship के बदले current productive service नहीं मिलती। परीक्षा में transfer payments को GDP से बाहर रखें।
A. क्योंकि उसका imputed market value लगाया जा सकता है/Because its imputed market value can be assigned
Step 1
Concept
Self-consumed farm output is marketable production. Distinguish own-produced goods from unpaid household services in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उसका imputed market value लगाया जा सकता है / Because its imputed market value can be assigned. Self-consumed farm output is marketable production. Distinguish own-produced goods from unpaid household services in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Self-consumed farm output marketable production है। परीक्षा में own-produced goods और unpaid household services में अंतर करें।
A. क्योंकि इसका reliable market valuation कठिन है/Because its reliable market valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Reliable market value of unpaid household service is difficult to determine. Treat non-market personal services as excluded in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि इसका reliable market valuation कठिन है / Because its reliable market valuation is difficult. Reliable market value of unpaid household service is difficult to determine. Treat non-market personal services as excluded in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unpaid household service का reliable market value तय करना कठिन होता है। परीक्षा में non-market personal services को exclude मानें।
A. (C), (I), (G), और (X-M)/(C), (I), (G), and (X-M)
Step 1
Concept
Expenditure method includes consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports. Remember (X-M) as net exports.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. (C), (I), (G), और (X-M) / (C), (I), (G), and (X-M). Expenditure method includes consumption, investment, government expenditure and net exports. Remember (X-M) as net exports.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expenditure method में consumption, investment, government expenditure और net exports आते हैं। परीक्षा में (X-M) को net exports याद रखें।
A. क्योंकि imports घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं हैं/Because imports are not domestic production
Step 1
Concept
Imports are foreign production, so they are subtracted from domestic product. Subtract M in (X-M) in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि imports घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं हैं / Because imports are not domestic production. Imports are foreign production, so they are subtracted from domestic product. Subtract M in (X-M) in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Imports विदेशी उत्पादन होते हैं, इसलिए domestic product से घटाए जाते हैं। परीक्षा में (X-M) में M को subtract करें।
A. उत्पादन साधनों की आय/Income of factors of production
Step 1
Concept
In income method factor incomes are added. Remember wages, rent, interest and profit in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. उत्पादन साधनों की आय / Income of factors of production. In income method factor incomes are added. Remember wages, rent, interest and profit in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Income method में factor incomes को जोड़ा जाता है। परीक्षा में wages, rent, interest और profit को याद रखें।
Employee wage is a reward for productive service. Keep factor income and transfer income separate in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कर्मचारी वेतन / Employee wage. Employee wage is a reward for productive service. Keep factor income and transfer income separate in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Employee wage productive service का reward है। परीक्षा में factor income और transfer income अलग रखें।
A. क्योंकि prices बढ़ने से भी nominal GDP बढ़ सकता है/Because nominal GDP can rise due to higher prices
Step 1
Concept
Nominal GDP is at current prices, so it includes the effect of price rise. Understand nominal and real growth separately.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि prices बढ़ने से भी nominal GDP बढ़ सकता है / Because nominal GDP can rise due to higher prices. Nominal GDP is at current prices, so it includes the effect of price rise. Understand nominal and real growth separately.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Nominal GDP current prices पर होता है, इसलिए price rise का असर शामिल होता है। परीक्षा में nominal और real growth अलग समझें।
A. क्योंकि यह constant prices पर मापा जाता है/Because it is measured at constant prices
Step 1
Concept
Real GDP reduces the effect of price changes. Link real GDP with output volume in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह constant prices पर मापा जाता है / Because it is measured at constant prices. Real GDP reduces the effect of price changes. Link real GDP with output volume in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Real GDP price changes के प्रभाव को कम करता है। परीक्षा में real GDP को output volume से जोड़ें।
GDP deflator indicates price level using nominal and real GDP. Treat it like a broad price index in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्य स्तर सूचक / Price level indicator. GDP deflator indicates price level using nominal and real GDP. Treat it like a broad price index in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP deflator nominal और real GDP से price level बताता है। परीक्षा में इसे broad price index की तरह समझें।
Nominal GDP comes in the numerator of GDP deflator. Remember \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Nominal GDP. Nominal GDP comes in the numerator of GDP deflator. Remember \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP deflator में nominal GDP numerator में आता है। परीक्षा में formula \(GDP\ Deflator=\frac{Nominal\ GDP}{Real\ GDP}\times100\) याद रखें।
A. GDP को population से भाग देकर/By dividing GDP by population
Step 1
Concept
Per capita GDP is obtained by dividing total GDP by population. Understand it as average output per person.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. GDP को population से भाग देकर / By dividing GDP by population. Per capita GDP is obtained by dividing total GDP by population. Understand it as average output per person.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Per capita GDP कुल GDP को population से divide करके मिलता है। परीक्षा में average output per person समझें।
GDP shows output growth, but welfare is also affected by distribution, pollution and non-market factors. Remember welfare limitations.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अपूर्ण कथन / Incomplete statement. GDP shows output growth, but welfare is also affected by distribution, pollution and non-market factors. Remember welfare limitations.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP output growth दिखाता है पर welfare पर distribution, pollution और non-market factors भी असर डालते हैं। परीक्षा में welfare limitations याद रखें।
A. क्योंकि negative externalities अलग से मापना कठिन हो सकता है/Because negative externalities may be difficult to measure separately
Step 1
Concept
GDP focuses on market value, so external costs like pollution may not be fully shown. Remember this as a welfare limitation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि negative externalities अलग से मापना कठिन हो सकता है / Because negative externalities may be difficult to measure separately. GDP focuses on market value, so external costs like pollution may not be fully shown. Remember this as a welfare limitation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP market value पर focus करता है, इसलिए pollution जैसे external costs पूरी तरह नहीं दिख सकते। परीक्षा में welfare limitation के रूप में याद रखें।
A. Reliable data उपलब्ध नहीं होता/Reliable data is not available
Step 1
Concept
Official reliable records of illegal activities are not available. Understand measurement limitations of GDP in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Reliable data उपलब्ध नहीं होता / Reliable data is not available. Official reliable records of illegal activities are not available. Understand measurement limitations of GDP in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Illegal activities का official reliable record नहीं मिलता। परीक्षा में GDP measurement limitations समझें।
Inventory change is considered part of investment. Link stock of unsold goods with the investment component in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Investment. Inventory change is considered part of investment. Link stock of unsold goods with the investment component in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Inventory change investment का भाग माना जाता है। परीक्षा में stock of unsold goods को investment component से जोड़ें।
A. सरकारी स्कूल की शिक्षक सेवा पर खर्च/Expenditure on teacher service in government school
Step 1
Concept
Expenditure on government teacher service is a current final service. Keep government purchase and transfer payment separate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सरकारी स्कूल की शिक्षक सेवा पर खर्च / Expenditure on teacher service in government school. Expenditure on government teacher service is a current final service. Keep government purchase and transfer payment separate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरकारी शिक्षक सेवा पर खर्च current final service है। परीक्षा में government purchase और transfer payment अलग रखें।
A. परिवार द्वारा नई किताब खरीदना/A household buying a new book
Step 1
Concept
A household buying a new book is final consumption. Link household final purchase with the (C) component.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. परिवार द्वारा नई किताब खरीदना / A household buying a new book. A household buying a new book is final consumption. Link household final purchase with the (C) component.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Household की नई किताब खरीद final consumption है। परीक्षा में household final purchase को (C) component से जोड़ें।
A. नए capital goods और inventories पर व्यय/Expenditure on new capital goods and inventories
Step 1
Concept
Gross investment includes capital formation and inventory change. Distinguish investment from purchase of financial assets.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नए capital goods और inventories पर व्यय / Expenditure on new capital goods and inventories. Gross investment includes capital formation and inventory change. Distinguish investment from purchase of financial assets.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Gross investment capital formation और inventory change को शामिल करता है। परीक्षा में investment को financial asset purchase से अलग रखें।
A. क्योंकि यह current production नहीं है/Because it is not current production
Step 1
Concept
Purchase of old shares is a financial asset transfer, not current output. Separate financial and production transactions in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह current production नहीं है / Because it is not current production. Purchase of old shares is a financial asset transfer, not current output. Separate financial and production transactions in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Old shares की खरीद financial asset transfer है, current output नहीं। परीक्षा में financial transactions और production transactions अलग करें।
A. चालू लेखा वर्ष में उत्पादित output/Output produced in the current accounting year
Step 1
Concept
Current production is output of the current accounting year. Keep resale of past production separate in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. चालू लेखा वर्ष में उत्पादित output / Output produced in the current accounting year. Current production is output of the current accounting year. Keep resale of past production separate in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Current production चालू accounting year का output है। परीक्षा में past production की resale को अलग रखें।
A. Domestic territory आधारित है, national residents आधारित है/Domestic is territory-based, national is residents-based
Step 1
Concept
GDP is based on domestic territory while GNP is based on national residents. Link this difference with NFIA in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Domestic territory आधारित है, national residents आधारित है / Domestic is territory-based, national is residents-based. GDP is based on domestic territory while GNP is based on national residents. Link this difference with NFIA in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP domestic territory पर आधारित है जबकि GNP national residents पर आधारित है। परीक्षा में इस difference को NFIA से जोड़ें।
Gross, domestic and final output are the three basic keywords for understanding GDP. Most easy questions are solved through them.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Gross, Domestic, Final output. Gross, domestic and final output are the three basic keywords for understanding GDP. Most easy questions are solved through them.
Step 3
Exam Tip
GDP को समझने के लिए gross, domestic और final output तीन basic keywords हैं। परीक्षा में इन्हीं से अधिकांश easy questions solve होते हैं।
