A. अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं पर किए गए कुल व्यय/Total expenditure on final goods and services
Step 1
Concept
In the expenditure method, total spending on final goods and services is added. Do not add spending on intermediate goods in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं पर किए गए कुल व्यय / Total expenditure on final goods and services. In the expenditure method, total spending on final goods and services is added. Do not add spending on intermediate goods in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
व्यय विधि में अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं पर कुल व्यय जोड़ा जाता है। परीक्षा में मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं पर खर्च नहीं जोड़ें।
A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Private final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
Households' spending on final consumption is called private final consumption expenditure. It is an important component of the expenditure method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Private final consumption expenditure. Households' spending on final consumption is called private final consumption expenditure. It is an important component of the expenditure method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवारों का अंतिम उपभोग पर खर्च निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय कहलाता है। यह व्यय विधि का महत्वपूर्ण घटक है।
A new machine is a capital good, so it comes under investment expenditure. Do not treat a machine as a consumption good in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. निवेश व्यय / Investment expenditure. A new machine is a capital good, so it comes under investment expenditure. Do not treat a machine as a consumption good in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई मशीन पूंजीगत वस्तु है इसलिए निवेश व्यय में आती है। परीक्षा में मशीन को उपभोग वस्तु न मानें।
C. सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Government final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
Services like police and administration are final government services. Government spending on them is included in (G).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Government final consumption expenditure. Services like police and administration are final government services. Government spending on them is included in (G).
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुलिस और प्रशासन जैसी सेवाएं सरकारी अंतिम सेवाएं हैं। इन पर सरकार का खर्च (G) में शामिल होता है।
C. मध्यवर्ती कच्चे माल की खरीद/Purchase of intermediate raw material
Step 1
Concept
Spending on intermediate raw material is not final expenditure. Adding it can cause double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. मध्यवर्ती कच्चे माल की खरीद / Purchase of intermediate raw material. Spending on intermediate raw material is not final expenditure. Adding it can cause double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मध्यवर्ती कच्चे माल पर खर्च अंतिम व्यय नहीं है। इसे जोड़ने से दोहरी गणना हो सकती है।
A. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष का नया उत्पादन नहीं है/Because it is not new production of the current year
Step 1
Concept
An old car has already been counted in production of an earlier year. Only expenditure on new goods and services of the current year is added.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष का नया उत्पादन नहीं है / Because it is not new production of the current year. An old car has already been counted in production of an earlier year. Only expenditure on new goods and services of the current year is added.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी कार पहले ही किसी वर्ष के उत्पादन में गिनी जा चुकी होती है। चालू वर्ष में केवल नई वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का व्यय जोड़ा जाता है।
A. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष की सेवा का भुगतान है/Because it is payment for a current year service
Step 1
Concept
The value of the old car is not included, but the agent's service is provided in the current year. Hence the service fee may be included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह चालू वर्ष की सेवा का भुगतान है / Because it is payment for a current year service. The value of the old car is not included, but the agent's service is provided in the current year. Hence the service fee may be included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी कार का मूल्य शामिल नहीं होता, लेकिन एजेंट की सेवा चालू वर्ष में दी गई है। इसलिए सेवा शुल्क शामिल हो सकता है।
A. क्योंकि वे घरेलू उत्पादन पर विदेशी व्यय हैं/Because they are foreign spending on domestic output
Step 1
Concept
Exports are foreigners' spending on goods and services produced in the domestic economy. Therefore they are added to \(GDP_{MP}\).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे घरेलू उत्पादन पर विदेशी व्यय हैं / Because they are foreign spending on domestic output. Exports are foreigners' spending on goods and services produced in the domestic economy. Therefore they are added to \(GDP_{MP}\).
Step 3
Exam Tip
निर्यात घरेलू अर्थव्यवस्था में बने सामान और सेवाओं पर विदेशियों का खर्च है। इसलिए उन्हें \(GDP_{MP}\) में जोड़ा जाता है।
A. क्योंकि वे विदेशी उत्पादन पर घरेलू व्यय हैं/Because they are domestic spending on foreign output
Step 1
Concept
Spending on imports does not represent domestic production. Therefore imports are deducted in (X - M).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वे विदेशी उत्पादन पर घरेलू व्यय हैं / Because they are domestic spending on foreign output. Spending on imports does not represent domestic production. Therefore imports are deducted in (X - M).
Step 3
Exam Tip
आयात पर खर्च घरेलू उत्पादन नहीं दर्शाता। इसलिए (X - M) में आयात घटाए जाते हैं।
A. नई पूंजीगत वस्तुओं और स्टॉक में वृद्धि पर व्यय/Expenditure on new capital goods and increase in stock
Step 1
Concept
Gross domestic capital formation includes spending on capital goods and change in stock. It is a main part of investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नई पूंजीगत वस्तुओं और स्टॉक में वृद्धि पर व्यय / Expenditure on new capital goods and increase in stock. Gross domestic capital formation includes spending on capital goods and change in stock. It is a main part of investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल घरेलू पूंजी निर्माण में पूंजीगत वस्तुओं और स्टॉक परिवर्तन पर खर्च आता है। यह निवेश का मुख्य भाग है।
B. पूंजी निर्माण या निवेश/Capital formation or investment
Step 1
Concept
House construction creates a capital asset, so it is included in investment. Do not treat house construction as ordinary consumption spending in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. पूंजी निर्माण या निवेश / Capital formation or investment. House construction creates a capital asset, so it is included in investment. Do not treat house construction as ordinary consumption spending in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
घर निर्माण पूंजीगत संपत्ति बनाता है, इसलिए यह निवेश में शामिल होता है। परीक्षा में मकान निर्माण को साधारण उपभोग खर्च न मानें।
A. क्योंकि यह हस्तांतरण भुगतान है/Because it is a transfer payment
Step 1
Concept
No current good or service is received in return for pension. Hence it is a transfer payment and is not directly included in national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह हस्तांतरण भुगतान है / Because it is a transfer payment. No current good or service is received in return for pension. Hence it is a transfer payment and is not directly included in national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पेंशन के बदले कोई चालू वस्तु या सेवा नहीं मिलती। इसलिए यह हस्तांतरण भुगतान है और राष्ट्रीय आय में सीधे शामिल नहीं होती।
A. यह हस्तांतरण भुगतान है/It is a transfer payment
Step 1
Concept
Scholarship is a payment without a production service in return. Therefore it is not added to final expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह हस्तांतरण भुगतान है / It is a transfer payment. Scholarship is a payment without a production service in return. Therefore it is not added to final expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
छात्रवृत्ति बिना उत्पादन सेवा के बदले दिया गया भुगतान है। इसलिए इसे अंतिम व्यय में नहीं जोड़ा जाता।
A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Private final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
Doctor's service is taken by a household for final consumption. Therefore it is included in private final consumption expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Private final consumption expenditure. Doctor's service is taken by a household for final consumption. Therefore it is included in private final consumption expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
डॉक्टर की सेवा परिवार द्वारा अंतिम उपभोग के लिए ली जाती है। इसलिए यह निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय में शामिल है।
B. निवेश या पूंजी निर्माण/Investment or capital formation
Step 1
Concept
A new factory building is a capital asset that raises production capacity. Hence it is treated as investment.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. निवेश या पूंजी निर्माण / Investment or capital formation. A new factory building is a capital asset that raises production capacity. Hence it is treated as investment.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई फैक्टरी इमारत उत्पादन क्षमता बढ़ाने वाली पूंजीगत संपत्ति है। इसलिए इसे निवेश में रखा जाता है।
A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Private final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
A mobile bought by a household is a final consumption good. It will be included in private final consumption expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Private final consumption expenditure. A mobile bought by a household is a final consumption good. It will be included in private final consumption expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवार द्वारा खरीदा गया मोबाइल अंतिम उपभोग वस्तु है। यह निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय में शामिल होगा।
B. मध्यवर्ती या व्यापारिक स्टॉक से जुड़ा खर्च/Intermediate or trading stock related expenditure
Step 1
Concept
For the shop, the mobile is a resale item, not final consumption. Classify based on final use.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मध्यवर्ती या व्यापारिक स्टॉक से जुड़ा खर्च / Intermediate or trading stock related expenditure. For the shop, the mobile is a resale item, not final consumption. Classify based on final use.
Step 3
Exam Tip
दुकान के लिए मोबाइल पुनर्विक्रय की वस्तु है, अंतिम उपभोग नहीं। अंतिम उपयोग के आधार पर वर्गीकरण करें।
A. दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए/To avoid double counting
Step 1
Concept
The value of intermediate goods is already included in final goods. Adding only final expenditure avoids double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए / To avoid double counting. The value of intermediate goods is already included in final goods. Adding only final expenditure avoids double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का मूल्य अंतिम वस्तुओं में पहले से शामिल होता है। केवल अंतिम व्यय जोड़ने से दोहरी गणना से बचते हैं।
Depreciation is deducted to get net domestic product from gross domestic product. Remember the difference between gross and net in exams.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास / Depreciation. Depreciation is deducted to get net domestic product from gross domestic product. Remember the difference between gross and net in exams.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सकल से शुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद पाने के लिए मूल्यह्रास घटाया जाता है। परीक्षा में सकल और शुद्ध का अंतर याद रखें।
Net indirect taxes are deducted to move from market price to factor cost. Factor cost shows income of factors of production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर / Net indirect taxes. Net indirect taxes are deducted to move from market price to factor cost. Factor cost shows income of factors of production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बाजार मूल्य से साधन लागत पर जाने के लिए शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाया जाता है। साधन लागत उत्पादन साधनों की आय दिखाती है।
A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय/Net factor income from abroad
Step 1
Concept
National income is (Domestic Income + NFIA). It shows total factor income of residents.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. विदेश से शुद्ध साधन आय / Net factor income from abroad. National income is (Domestic Income + NFIA). It shows total factor income of residents.
Step 3
Exam Tip
राष्ट्रीय आय (Domestic Income + NFIA) होती है। यह निवासियों की कुल साधन आय दिखाती है।
A. यह वित्तीय संपत्ति का लेन-देन है/It is a transaction of financial assets
Step 1
Concept
Purchase of shares is not spending on current production of a real good or service. It is a transaction of financial assets.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह वित्तीय संपत्ति का लेन-देन है / It is a transaction of financial assets. Purchase of shares is not spending on current production of a real good or service. It is a transaction of financial assets.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शेयरों की खरीद वास्तविक वस्तु या सेवा के चालू उत्पादन पर खर्च नहीं है। यह वित्तीय संपत्ति का लेन-देन है।
A. यह वित्तीय निवेश है, वास्तविक पूंजी निर्माण नहीं/It is financial investment, not real capital formation
Step 1
Concept
Buying bonds does not create a new real capital good. Therefore it is not added to expenditure for national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह वित्तीय निवेश है, वास्तविक पूंजी निर्माण नहीं / It is financial investment, not real capital formation. Buying bonds does not create a new real capital good. Therefore it is not added to expenditure for national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बांड खरीदने से नई वास्तविक पूंजीगत वस्तु नहीं बनती। इसलिए इसे राष्ट्रीय आय के व्यय में नहीं जोड़ा जाता।
A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Private final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
For a household, a new car is a final consumption good. Therefore it comes under private final consumption expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Private final consumption expenditure. For a household, a new car is a final consumption good. Therefore it comes under private final consumption expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवार के लिए नई कार अंतिम उपभोग वस्तु है। इसलिए यह निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय में आएगी।
For a taxi company, the car is a capital good used to provide service. Therefore it is investment expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. निवेश व्यय / Investment expenditure. For a taxi company, the car is a capital good used to provide service. Therefore it is investment expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
टैक्सी कंपनी के लिए कार उत्पादन सेवा देने वाली पूंजीगत वस्तु है। इसलिए यह निवेश व्यय है।
A. सरकारी निवेश या पूंजी निर्माण/Government investment or capital formation
Step 1
Concept
Road construction creates a public capital asset. Therefore it can be treated as government capital formation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सरकारी निवेश या पूंजी निर्माण / Government investment or capital formation. Road construction creates a public capital asset. Therefore it can be treated as government capital formation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सड़क निर्माण सार्वजनिक पूंजीगत संपत्ति बनाता है। इसलिए इसे सरकारी पूंजी निर्माण माना जा सकता है।
A. सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Government final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
Administration service is a final service provided by government. Its cost comes under government final consumption expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Government final consumption expenditure. Administration service is a final service provided by government. Its cost comes under government final consumption expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
प्रशासन सेवा सरकार द्वारा दी जाने वाली अंतिम सेवा है। इसका खर्च सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय में आता है।
Domestic spending on a foreign mobile is counted in imports. Imports are deducted while calculating domestic product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. आयात / Imports. Domestic spending on a foreign mobile is counted in imports. Imports are deducted while calculating domestic product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
विदेशी मोबाइल पर घरेलू खर्च आयात में गिना जाता है। घरेलू उत्पाद निकालते समय आयात घटाया जाता है।
A. अनुमानित मूल्य पर शामिल किया जाता है/Included at imputed value
Step 1
Concept
Final output produced for own use is also current production. Its imputed value may be included in national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अनुमानित मूल्य पर शामिल किया जाता है / Included at imputed value. Final output produced for own use is also current production. Its imputed value may be included in national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्वयं उपयोग के लिए अंतिम उत्पादन भी चालू उत्पादन है। इसका अनुमानित मूल्य राष्ट्रीय आय में शामिल किया जा सकता है।
A. घरेलू सेवा के अंतिम उपभोग पर खर्च/Expenditure on final consumption of domestic service
Step 1
Concept
Service of a paid domestic servant is a market service. Payment by the household can be treated as private final consumption expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. घरेलू सेवा के अंतिम उपभोग पर खर्च / Expenditure on final consumption of domestic service. Service of a paid domestic servant is a market service. Payment by the household can be treated as private final consumption expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वेतनभोगी घरेलू सेवक की सेवा बाजार सेवा है। परिवार द्वारा भुगतान निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय माना जा सकता है।
A. क्योंकि उसका बाजार लेन-देन और विश्वसनीय मूल्यांकन नहीं होता/Because it has no market transaction and reliable valuation
Step 1
Concept
Unpaid household work is not bought or sold in the market. Therefore it is generally not added to national income.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि उसका बाजार लेन-देन और विश्वसनीय मूल्यांकन नहीं होता / Because it has no market transaction and reliable valuation. Unpaid household work is not bought or sold in the market. Therefore it is generally not added to national income.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अवैतनिक घरेलू कार्य बाजार में खरीदा-बेचा नहीं जाता। इसलिए इसे सामान्यतः राष्ट्रीय आय में नहीं जोड़ा जाता।
A. केवल अंतिम व्ययों को जोड़ना/Add only final expenditures
Step 1
Concept
In the expenditure method, only spending on final goods and services is added. This is the main precaution to avoid double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. केवल अंतिम व्ययों को जोड़ना / Add only final expenditures. In the expenditure method, only spending on final goods and services is added. This is the main precaution to avoid double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
व्यय विधि में अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं पर खर्च ही जोड़ा जाता है। यह दोहरी गणना से बचने की मुख्य सावधानी है।
The sum of final expenditures gives \(GDP_{MP}\) in the expenditure method. Depreciation and tax adjustments are made later.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. \(GDP_{MP}\). The sum of final expenditures gives \(GDP_{MP}\) in the expenditure method. Depreciation and tax adjustments are made later.
Step 3
Exam Tip
व्यय विधि में अंतिम व्ययों का योग \(GDP_{MP}\) देता है। बाद में मूल्यह्रास और कर समायोजन किए जाते हैं।
A. परिवारों का अंतिम उपभोग खर्च/Households' final consumption spending
Step 1
Concept
Households' spending on final goods and services comes under (C). Raw materials and financial assets are not included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. परिवारों का अंतिम उपभोग खर्च / Households' final consumption spending. Households' spending on final goods and services comes under (C). Raw materials and financial assets are not included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवारों द्वारा अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं पर खर्च (C) में आता है। कच्चा माल और वित्तीय संपत्ति इसमें शामिल नहीं होते।
A new machine is a capital good that raises production capacity. Hence it is treated as investment or capital formation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नई मशीन की खरीद / Purchase of a new machine. A new machine is a capital good that raises production capacity. Hence it is treated as investment or capital formation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई मशीन उत्पादन क्षमता बढ़ाने वाली पूंजीगत वस्तु है। इसलिए इसे निवेश या पूंजी निर्माण में रखा जाता है।
A. सरकार द्वारा प्रशासनिक सेवाओं पर खर्च/Government spending on administrative services
Step 1
Concept
Administrative service is a final service provided by the government. Spending on it is included in government final consumption expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सरकार द्वारा प्रशासनिक सेवाओं पर खर्च / Government spending on administrative services. Administrative service is a final service provided by the government. Spending on it is included in government final consumption expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
प्रशासनिक सेवा सरकार द्वारा दी जाने वाली अंतिम सेवा है। इस पर खर्च सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय में आता है।
A. आयात विदेशी उत्पादन का मूल्य दर्शाते हैं/Imports represent value of foreign production
Step 1
Concept
Spending on imports is not counted in domestic production. Therefore imports are deducted while calculating domestic product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. आयात विदेशी उत्पादन का मूल्य दर्शाते हैं / Imports represent value of foreign production. Spending on imports is not counted in domestic production. Therefore imports are deducted while calculating domestic product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
आयात पर खर्च घरेलू उत्पादन में नहीं गिना जाता। इसलिए घरेलू उत्पाद निकालते समय आयात घटाए जाते हैं।
A. वे घरेलू उत्पादन पर विदेशियों का खर्च हैं/They are foreigners' spending on domestic production
Step 1
Concept
Exports show foreign demand for goods and services produced in the country. Therefore they are added to final expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वे घरेलू उत्पादन पर विदेशियों का खर्च हैं / They are foreigners' spending on domestic production. Exports show foreign demand for goods and services produced in the country. Therefore they are added to final expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
निर्यात देश में उत्पादित वस्तुओं और सेवाओं पर विदेशी मांग दिखाते हैं। इसलिए उन्हें अंतिम व्यय में जोड़ा जाता है।
A. दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए/To avoid double counting
Step 1
Concept
The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods. Adding them separately causes double counting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए / To avoid double counting. The value of intermediate goods is included in final goods. Adding them separately causes double counting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का मूल्य अंतिम वस्तुओं में शामिल होता है। उन्हें अलग से जोड़ने पर दोहरी गणना हो जाती है।
A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Private final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
Education service is taken by a household for final consumption. Therefore it comes under private final consumption expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Private final consumption expenditure. Education service is taken by a household for final consumption. Therefore it comes under private final consumption expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शिक्षा सेवा परिवार द्वारा अंतिम उपभोग के लिए ली जाती है। इसलिए यह निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय में आती है।
A. क्योंकि कच्चा माल आगे उत्पादन में उपयोग होगा/Because raw material will be used further in production
Step 1
Concept
Raw material is an intermediate good. Its value gets included in the final product.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि कच्चा माल आगे उत्पादन में उपयोग होगा / Because raw material will be used further in production. Raw material is an intermediate good. Its value gets included in the final product.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कच्चा माल मध्यवर्ती वस्तु है। इसका मूल्य अंतिम उत्पाद में शामिल हो जाता है।
A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Private final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
For a household, a new bicycle is a final consumption good. Therefore it is included in (C).
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Private final consumption expenditure. For a household, a new bicycle is a final consumption good. Therefore it is included in (C).
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवार के लिए नई साइकिल अंतिम उपभोग वस्तु है। इसलिए यह (C) में शामिल होती है।
For a company, a delivery van is a capital good used in production. Therefore it is investment expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निवेश व्यय / Investment expenditure. For a company, a delivery van is a capital good used in production. Therefore it is investment expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कंपनी के लिए डिलीवरी वैन उत्पादन में उपयोग होने वाली पूंजीगत वस्तु है। इसलिए यह निवेश व्यय है।
A. वह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है/It is not current year's production
Step 1
Concept
An old good was produced in an earlier year. Its full value is not added in current year's national income estimate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वह चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन नहीं है / It is not current year's production. An old good was produced in an earlier year. Its full value is not added in current year's national income estimate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी वस्तु किसी पिछले वर्ष में उत्पादित हो चुकी होती है। चालू वर्ष के राष्ट्रीय आय अनुमान में उसका पूरा मूल्य नहीं जोड़ा जाता।
A. यह चालू वर्ष की सेवा है/It is a current year service
Step 1
Concept
The value of the old good is not included, but the broker's service is provided in the current year. Hence service fee may be included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह चालू वर्ष की सेवा है / It is a current year service. The value of the old good is not included, but the broker's service is provided in the current year. Hence service fee may be included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पुरानी वस्तु का मूल्य शामिल नहीं होगा, पर ब्रोकर की सेवा वर्तमान वर्ष में दी गई है। इसलिए सेवा शुल्क शामिल हो सकता है।
Unemployment allowance is given without receiving a current production service in return. Therefore it is not added to final expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. हस्तांतरण भुगतान / Transfer payment. Unemployment allowance is given without receiving a current production service in return. Therefore it is not added to final expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बेरोजगारी भत्ता बिना चालू उत्पादन सेवा के बदले दिया जाता है। इसलिए इसे अंतिम व्यय में नहीं जोड़ा जाता।
A. इसे सामान्यतः अंतिम व्यय में नहीं जोड़ा जाता/It is generally not added to final expenditure
Step 1
Concept
Scholarship is a transfer payment. No current good or service is received by the government in return.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. इसे सामान्यतः अंतिम व्यय में नहीं जोड़ा जाता / It is generally not added to final expenditure. Scholarship is a transfer payment. No current good or service is received by the government in return.
Step 3
Exam Tip
छात्रवृत्ति हस्तांतरण भुगतान है। इसके बदले कोई चालू वस्तु या सेवा सरकार को नहीं मिलती।
A. जब अंतिम स्टॉक आरंभिक स्टॉक से अधिक हो/When closing stock is more than opening stock
Step 1
Concept
Increase in stock is part of investment. It shows unsold current production.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जब अंतिम स्टॉक आरंभिक स्टॉक से अधिक हो / When closing stock is more than opening stock. Increase in stock is part of investment. It shows unsold current production.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्टॉक में वृद्धि निवेश का हिस्सा होती है। यह न बिके हुए चालू उत्पादन को दिखाती है।
A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Private final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
Small repair may be a consumption service for the household. Constructing a new building comes under capital formation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Private final consumption expenditure. Small repair may be a consumption service for the household. Constructing a new building comes under capital formation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
छोटी मरम्मत परिवार की उपभोग सेवा हो सकती है। नई इमारत बनाना पूंजी निर्माण में आएगा।
A. सकल स्थिर पूंजी निर्माण/Gross fixed capital formation
Step 1
Concept
A new factory building is a fixed capital asset. Its construction is included in gross fixed capital formation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सकल स्थिर पूंजी निर्माण / Gross fixed capital formation. A new factory building is a fixed capital asset. Its construction is included in gross fixed capital formation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई फैक्टरी इमारत स्थिर पूंजीगत संपत्ति है। इसका निर्माण सकल स्थिर पूंजी निर्माण में शामिल होता है।
A. मूल्यह्रास घटाएं, शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाएं, (NFIA) जोड़ें/Deduct depreciation, deduct net indirect taxes, add (NFIA)
Step 1
Concept
First \(GDP_{MP}\) gives \(NDP_{MP}\), then \(NDP_{FC}\), and then national income. Remembering the sequence makes numericals easy.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मूल्यह्रास घटाएं, शुद्ध अप्रत्यक्ष कर घटाएं, (NFIA) जोड़ें / Deduct depreciation, deduct net indirect taxes, add (NFIA). First \(GDP_{MP}\) gives \(NDP_{MP}\), then \(NDP_{FC}\), and then national income. Remembering the sequence makes numericals easy.
Step 3
Exam Tip
पहले \(GDP_{MP}\) से \(NDP_{MP}\), फिर \(NDP_{FC}\) और फिर राष्ट्रीय आय मिलती है। क्रम याद रखने से संख्यात्मक प्रश्न आसान होते हैं।
A. यह वित्तीय संपत्ति का लेन-देन है/It is a financial asset transaction
Step 1
Concept
Buying shares does not produce a new good or service. It is only a financial asset transaction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह वित्तीय संपत्ति का लेन-देन है / It is a financial asset transaction. Buying shares does not produce a new good or service. It is only a financial asset transaction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शेयर खरीदने से नई वस्तु या सेवा का उत्पादन नहीं होता। यह केवल वित्तीय संपत्ति का लेन-देन है।
A. यह वास्तविक पूंजी निर्माण नहीं है/It is not real capital formation
Step 1
Concept
A bond is a financial claim, not a real capital good. National income counts expenditure on real goods and services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यह वास्तविक पूंजी निर्माण नहीं है / It is not real capital formation. A bond is a financial claim, not a real capital good. National income counts expenditure on real goods and services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बांड वित्तीय दावा है, वास्तविक पूंजीगत वस्तु नहीं। राष्ट्रीय आय में वास्तविक वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का व्यय गिना जाता है।
A. इसका बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है/Its market valuation is difficult
Step 1
Concept
Unpaid household work has no clear market transaction. Therefore it is generally not added to final expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. इसका बाजार मूल्यांकन कठिन होता है / Its market valuation is difficult. Unpaid household work has no clear market transaction. Therefore it is generally not added to final expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अवैतनिक घरेलू कार्य का कोई स्पष्ट बाजार लेन-देन नहीं होता। इसलिए इसे सामान्यतः अंतिम व्यय में नहीं जोड़ा जाता।
A. अंतिम उपभोग सेवा पर खर्च/Spending on final consumption service
Step 1
Concept
Paid domestic service is a market service. Household payment can be treated as private final consumption expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अंतिम उपभोग सेवा पर खर्च / Spending on final consumption service. Paid domestic service is a market service. Household payment can be treated as private final consumption expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
वेतनभोगी घरेलू सेवा बाजार सेवा है। परिवार का भुगतान निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय माना जा सकता है।
Final output for own use is also current production. Its estimated market value can be included.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अनुमानित मूल्य पर / At imputed value. Final output for own use is also current production. Its estimated market value can be included.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्वयं उपयोग का अंतिम उत्पादन भी चालू उत्पादन है। उसका अनुमानित बाजार मूल्य शामिल किया जा सकता है।
A. सरकारी पूंजी निर्माण/Government capital formation
Step 1
Concept
A new school building is a public capital asset. Therefore it comes under government capital formation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सरकारी पूंजी निर्माण / Government capital formation. A new school building is a public capital asset. Therefore it comes under government capital formation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई स्कूल इमारत सार्वजनिक पूंजीगत संपत्ति है। इसलिए यह सरकारी पूंजी निर्माण में आती है।
A. सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Government final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
The government is spending to provide education service. Therefore it can be linked with government final consumption expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Government final consumption expenditure. The government is spending to provide education service. Therefore it can be linked with government final consumption expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सरकार शिक्षा सेवा उपलब्ध कराने के लिए अंतिम उपभोग खर्च कर रही है। इसलिए यह सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय से जुड़ सकता है।
A warehouse is a fixed capital asset. Its construction will be included in investment expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निवेश व्यय / Investment expenditure. A warehouse is a fixed capital asset. Its construction will be included in investment expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
गोदाम स्थिर पूंजीगत संपत्ति है। इसका निर्माण निवेश व्यय में शामिल होगा।
A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Private final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
(C) shows households' spending on final consumption. It is called private final consumption expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Private final consumption expenditure. (C) shows households' spending on final consumption. It is called private final consumption expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(C) परिवारों के अंतिम उपभोग पर खर्च को दर्शाता है। इसे निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय कहा जाता है।
A. सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Government final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
(G) denotes government's final consumption spending. It includes spending on public services.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. सरकारी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Government final consumption expenditure. (G) denotes government's final consumption spending. It includes spending on public services.
Step 3
Exam Tip
(G) सरकार के अंतिम उपभोग खर्च को दर्शाता है। इसमें सार्वजनिक सेवाओं पर खर्च शामिल होता है।
A. अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं पर खर्च/Spending on final goods and services
Step 1
Concept
Final expenditure is spending on goods and services for final use. It is added in national income estimation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं पर खर्च / Spending on final goods and services. Final expenditure is spending on goods and services for final use. It is added in national income estimation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
अंतिम व्यय वह खर्च है जो अंतिम उपयोग के लिए वस्तुओं और सेवाओं पर होता है। इसे ही राष्ट्रीय आय अनुमान में जोड़ा जाता है।
A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय/Private final consumption expenditure
Step 1
Concept
The household consumes treatment service finally. Therefore it is included in private final consumption expenditure.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय / Private final consumption expenditure. The household consumes treatment service finally. Therefore it is included in private final consumption expenditure.
Step 3
Exam Tip
परिवार इलाज सेवा का अंतिम उपभोग करता है। इसलिए यह निजी अंतिम उपभोग व्यय में शामिल होगा।
A. क्योंकि यह फर्म के लिए उत्पादन इनपुट सेवा है/Because it is an input service for the firm
Step 1
Concept
A service used by a firm in production may be an intermediate service. Final use by household is a different category.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह फर्म के लिए उत्पादन इनपुट सेवा है / Because it is an input service for the firm. A service used by a firm in production may be an intermediate service. Final use by household is a different category.
Step 3
Exam Tip
फर्म द्वारा उत्पादन में उपयोग की गई सेवा मध्यवर्ती सेवा हो सकती है। परिवार द्वारा अंतिम उपयोग अलग श्रेणी है।
A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा की सीधी खरीद नहीं है/Because it is not direct purchase of a production service
Step 1
Concept
Interest payment is generally a financial payment. Only purchase of final goods or services is added in the expenditure method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. क्योंकि यह उत्पादन सेवा की सीधी खरीद नहीं है / Because it is not direct purchase of a production service. Interest payment is generally a financial payment. Only purchase of final goods or services is added in the expenditure method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ब्याज भुगतान आम तौर पर वित्तीय भुगतान है। अंतिम वस्तु या सेवा की खरीद को ही व्यय विधि में जोड़ा जाता है।
A. मध्यवर्ती खर्च और हस्तांतरण भुगतान को अलग रखना/Keep intermediate spending and transfer payments separate
Step 1
Concept
Intermediate spending and transfer payments are not final production expenditure. Keeping them separate gives a correct estimate.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मध्यवर्ती खर्च और हस्तांतरण भुगतान को अलग रखना / Keep intermediate spending and transfer payments separate. Intermediate spending and transfer payments are not final production expenditure. Keeping them separate gives a correct estimate.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मध्यवर्ती खर्च और हस्तांतरण भुगतान अंतिम उत्पादन व्यय नहीं हैं। इन्हें अलग रखने से सही अनुमान मिलता है।
A. अर्थव्यवस्था में अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं पर हुए कुल खर्च को जोड़ना/Adding total spending on final goods and services in the economy
Step 1
Concept
The expenditure method adds spending on final output. This gives it a distinct identity from income and product methods.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अर्थव्यवस्था में अंतिम वस्तुओं और सेवाओं पर हुए कुल खर्च को जोड़ना / Adding total spending on final goods and services in the economy. The expenditure method adds spending on final output. This gives it a distinct identity from income and product methods.
Step 3
Exam Tip
व्यय विधि अंतिम उत्पादन पर किए गए खर्च को जोड़ती है। यही इसे आय और उत्पादन विधि से अलग पहचान देता है।
