Management as a Science

Correct answer: A. Because it has systematised knowledge

Management has systematised knowledge of principles and concepts. In exams connect science with systematised knowledge.

Correct answer: A. Systematised knowledge

Science presents knowledge in an organised way. In management also principles are studied systematically.

Correct answer: A. Experience and observation

Management principles are developed through experience and observation. In science-based questions observation is an important clue.

Correct answer: A. Social science

Management is related to people and organisations so it is a social science. Due to human behaviour its results are not always identical.

Correct answer: A. Body of principles

Management has principles related to planning organising directing and controlling. This gives it a scientific base.

Correct answer: A. Principles can apply in many situations

Universality means wider use of principles. Management principles can be useful in different organisations.

Correct answer: A. Flexible and general

Management principles give general direction and are applied according to situation. So their universality is not completely rigid.

Correct answer: A. One cause may lead to an effect

Science tries to understand cause and effect. In management also effects of decisions are understood.

Correct answer: A. Good training may improve efficiency

There can be a logical relation between training and efficiency. This shows the cause and effect thinking of science.

Correct answer: A. Logical and systematic method

In management problems are solved thoughtfully and systematically. This is a scientific approach.

Correct answer: A. Because humans are involved

Human behaviour keeps changing so laboratory-like experiments are difficult. Therefore management is not called an exact science.

Correct answer: A. It has a systematic body of principles

A science is characterised by organised knowledge, concepts and principles that explain relationships and guide action. Management possesses a systematic body of principles developed through observation, experience and analysis. These principles help managers plan, organise, staff, direct and control, although they are not applied mechanically like laws of physics. Hence option A is correct. Option B is wrong because management does contain tested general principles. Option C describes a narrow view associated with personal talent and ignores learned knowledge. Option D is unrelated to the purpose of management. Management is not an exact science, but its systematic knowledge gives it an important scientific character.

Correct answer: A. It is related to human groups

Management is called a social science because its main subject is people working together in groups and organisations. Managers plan work, organise resources, guide employees, coordinate activities, and motivate people. Human behaviour is influenced by attitudes, relationships, culture, and circumstances, so management deals with social behaviour rather than only with fixed physical objects. Its principles help managers, but their application may vary from one group to another.

Option A is correct because management works with and through human groups. Stones, weather, or numbers alone cannot explain communication, motivation, leadership, or cooperation, although numbers may be used in managerial decisions. Management is therefore related to the social sciences. Its conclusions are useful, but human responses are not always perfectly predictable. This human and group-based character is the reason behind the supplied answer.

Correct answer: A. Blind guess

The direct answer is A: blind guess. Management is regarded as a science because it contains organised knowledge, principles and relationships that help explain and guide managerial decisions. Scientific thinking begins with facts, observation and logical analysis. Option A is correct because a blind guess has no proper evidence, systematic method or tested reasoning, so it does not show management as a science. Option B, principles, supports the scientific nature because principles are general guides developed from knowledge and experience. Option C, systematic knowledge, is also a clear feature of science: information is arranged and studied logically rather than randomly. Option D, cause-effect relationship, supports scientific thinking because a manager tries to understand how one action or condition may influence a result. Management is not an exact natural science, since people may behave differently, but it still uses systematic knowledge and principles. Therefore, the question asks which option does not show its scientific nature, and blind guess is the only suitable answer. Memory cue: science asks for facts, method and reasons—not unsupported guessing.

Correct answer: A. Manager

A manager applies principles in real situations. Science gives the base and application happens in management.

Correct answer: A. General direction

Management principles are general guidelines that help managers understand situations and choose suitable action. They are not rigid formulas producing exactly the same result in every organisation, because people, resources, technology and circumstances differ. Therefore option A is correct. For example, the principle of division of work may improve efficiency, but the extent of specialisation must depend on the organisation and the employees. Option B is incorrect because management principles are flexible rather than mathematically exact. Option C denies their practical usefulness, while option D is too narrow because principles arise from accumulated organisational experience and analysis, not merely one person’s private experience.

Correct answer: A. Uncertainty of human behaviour

Humans may behave differently in different situations. So results in management are not completely certain.

Correct answer: A. Knowledge is based on reason and evidence

Science is based on logical evidence and organised knowledge. In management also principles have a logical base.

Correct answer: A. Understanding a problem systematically

A scientific approach means studying a managerial problem in an orderly and evidence-based manner. The manager defines the problem, collects relevant facts, examines possible causes, compares alternatives and selects a reasoned course of action. After implementation, the result can be reviewed and the decision improved. Thus option A is correct. Taking decisions without thinking is impulsive rather than scientific. Depending only on luck abandons analysis and responsibility, while stopping work is not a method of solving the problem. Scientific management does not guarantee perfect results, because human and environmental factors vary, but systematic investigation makes decisions more logical, transparent and capable of being evaluated.

Correct answer: A. Reducing the time taken to perform a task by analysing it through work study

Work study uses systematic observation, time measurement and analysis of work steps to identify a more efficient method of performing a task. Therefore, it demonstrates the scientific basis of management. Scolding employees without reason is not a systematic or evidence-based management process. Exam tip: Look for study, measurement, analysis and selection of the best method in questions on scientific management.

Correct answer: A. Through practice and experience

Management principles are understood and tested through real experiences. This shows the testing nature of science.

Correct answer: A. Because people and situations change

Results may change because human behaviour and situations change. So management is a science but not an exact science.

Correct answer: A. They give understanding and direction

Principles organise knowledge and give direction. In management also principles guide decisions.

Correct answer: A. Every result in management is exact like mathematics

Due to human behaviour results in management are not completely certain. Do not treat it as a pure science like mathematics.

Correct answer: A. It is related to people's behaviour

Management is called a social science because its subject is people working individually and in groups. Managers deal with motivation, communication, cooperation, leadership, conflict, group behaviour, and relationships inside and outside the organisation. These matters are influenced by human attitudes and changing social conditions, so management principles cannot be applied as rigidly as laws in many natural sciences.

Option A identifies the relevant clue: management is related to people’s behaviour. The other choices concern planets, chemicals, or metals, which are subjects of physical or natural sciences and do not describe the central concern of management. Management may use quantitative tools, but its human and group dimension is the reason it is regarded as a social science. Therefore option A is correct.