Closing the Business

Cash received from selling assets is credited to the Realisation Account because it represents the proceeds from disposing of the firm’s assets. Realisation expenses and the book value of transferred assets are generally recorded on the debit side, so option B is incorrect. Exam tip: Asset realisation proceeds are credited to the Realisation Account.

On dissolution, the profit calculated through the Realisation Account is transferred to the partners’ Capital Accounts in their profit-sharing ratio. The Realisation Account is closed after recording the profit or loss, so the profit is not retained in that account. Exam tip: Both realisation profit and realisation loss are transferred to the partners’ Capital Accounts.

A liability that was not recorded in the books earlier is treated as an unrecorded or additional liability. On its payment, the Realisation Account is debited and the Bank Account is credited. Therefore, it is not an additional asset, capital, or revenue item. Exam tip: Payment of an unrecorded liability during dissolution is debited to the Realisation Account.

The Realisation Account records the profit or loss arising from the sale of assets and settlement of liabilities. It is closed after this profit or loss is transferred to the partners’ Capital Accounts. The Capital Accounts are then closed when the final amounts due to the partners are paid. Exam tip: at the completion of dissolution, both the Realisation Account and the partners’ Capital Accounts are closed.

In the dissolution of a partnership firm, the amount realised from assets is first used to settle external liabilities. Once these liabilities have been fully paid, the remaining available amount is used to settle the partners’ capital accounts. Therefore, option A is correct. If a partner’s loan is still outstanding, it must be paid before returning the partners’ capital. Exam tip: remember the order—external liabilities, partners’ loans, and then partners’ capital.

On dissolution, the firm’s available assets are first used to pay external liabilities. A partner’s loan is then repaid, and any remaining amount is used for settling the partners’ capital accounts. Therefore, the correct answer is ‘after external liabilities’. Exam tip: remember the order—external liabilities, partners’ loans, and then partners’ capital.

The loss is divided equally because the profit-and-loss-sharing ratio is 1:1. Thus, each partner’s share is ₹6000 × 1/2 = ₹3000. ₹6000 is the total loss, not the amount borne by one partner. Exam tip: Realisation loss is transferred to the partners’ capital or current accounts in their profit-and-loss-sharing ratio.

Realisation expenses are incurred to sell the firm’s assets or settle its liabilities. Auction charges, legal charges and transport expenses are directly connected with this process. A payment for a partner’s personal purchase is unrelated to the dissolution of the firm, so it is not treated as a realisation expense. Exam tip: identify whether the expense is directly connected with asset realisation or liability settlement.

Profit = Sale Proceeds − Book Value = ₹21,000 − ₹18,000 = ₹3,000. Therefore, the transaction results in a profit of ₹3,000, which is recorded as a profit in the Realisation Account. Exam tip: subtract the book value from the sale proceeds; a positive difference is profit, while a negative difference is loss.

At dissolution, external liabilities are transferred to the Realisation Account, and their settlement is also recorded in that account. Partners’ Capital Accounts are used for capital balances, profit or loss adjustments, and final settlement with partners, not for recording the liability settlement itself. Exam tip: Record the realisation of assets and settlement of external liabilities through the Realisation Account.

On dissolution, after external liabilities and the partners' claims have been settled, any remaining cash is distributed among the partners in their profit-sharing ratio. Therefore, ₹16,000 will go to the partners. Creditors are paid before this final distribution, so option B is not correct. Exam tip: Treat the residue after settlement as the partners' final surplus.

On dissolution, the firm’s assets, except cash and bank balance, are transferred to the debit side of the Realisation Account at their book values. In contrast, liabilities are recorded on the credit side, while the reserve fund and partners’ capital are adjusted through the partners’ capital accounts. Exam tip: remember—Assets are debited and liabilities are credited in the Realisation Account.

In the profit-sharing ratio 4:3, the total number of parts is \(4+3=7\). B receives 3 parts, so B's share is \(\frac{3}{7}\times ₹14,000=₹6,000\). ₹7,000 represents half of the profit and does not follow the given ratio. Exam tip: first add the ratio terms, then multiply the total profit by the concerned partner's ratio part.

An unrecorded asset is not included in the books before dissolution, so the amount realised from it is generally credited directly to the Realisation Account. This increases the realisation profit or reduces the realisation loss. Option D is incorrect because the amount is a realisation receipt, not an expense. Exam tip: record the realisation of an unrecorded asset on the credit side of the Realisation Account.

The Cash Account records cash received from the sale of assets, payments made to settle liabilities, and other cash receipts and payments during dissolution. The Realisation Account determines the profit or loss on the disposal of assets and settlement of liabilities; it does not record every cash flow. Exam tip: the final transfer of the cash balance is also shown through the Cash Account.

Profit on the sale of machinery = Sale proceeds − Book value = ₹54,000 − ₹50,000 = ₹4,000. Therefore, option B is correct. An amount such as ₹5,000 results from calculating the difference incorrectly. Exam tip: In dissolution, sale proceeds above book value indicate a profit, while proceeds below book value indicate a loss.

The final balance of the Realisation Account represents the profit or loss arising after disposing of assets and settling liabilities. This profit or loss is transferred to the partners’ Capital Accounts in their profit-sharing ratio. It is not transferred to the Cash Account, which records cash receipts and payments. Exam tip: Realisation profit or loss is transferred to the partners’ Capital or Current Accounts, as applicable.

The liability stood at ₹17,000 in the books, but ₹17,600 was paid to settle it. The excess payment is ₹17,600 − ₹17,000 = ₹600, which is a loss to the firm and is debited to the Realisation Account. A profit of ₹600 would arise only if the liability were settled for less than its book value. Exam tip: For settlement of a liability, paying more than its book value creates a loss, while paying less creates a profit.

Stock is a current asset of the firm, not a liability or an expense. On dissolution, it is generally transferred to the Realisation Account so that any profit or loss on its sale or takeover by a partner can be determined. Exam tip: Non-cash assets such as stock and debtors are transferred to the Realisation Account on dissolution.

When a partner takes over an asset, the partner’s capital account is debited by ₹7,000. When the partner takes over a liability, the capital account is credited by ₹7,000. Since the two effects are equal and opposite, the net effect on the capital account is nil. It would be incorrect to consider only the reduction caused by the asset, because the liability takeover creates an equal credit. Exam tip: compare the amounts of assets and liabilities taken over; their difference gives the net effect on the partner’s capital account.

The credit side of the Realisation Account records proceeds from the sale of assets and the value of liabilities taken over by creditors, while the debit side records the book value of assets transferred, liabilities settled and realisation expenses. If the credit total exceeds the debit total, the difference is realisation profit. Therefore, considering only cash received from asset sales is incomplete. Exam tip: Realisation profit is transferred to the partners’ capital accounts in their profit-sharing ratio.

During dissolution, external liabilities and necessary expenses are settled first. If no cash is left after these payments, the firm has nothing available to return against the partners’ capital, so they receive nothing. Full or double capital and a bonus have no basis in this situation. Exam tip: remember the order of settlement—external liabilities, partners’ loans, and finally partners’ capital.

Dissolution is the process through which the partnership business comes to an end, its assets are realised, and its liabilities are paid. Revaluation only changes the recorded values of assets and liabilities and does not necessarily close the firm. Exam tip: When the question refers to the complete closure of the business, choose ‘dissolution of the firm’.

In dissolution, the firm’s business is wound up by realising its assets, paying its liabilities, and settling the partners’ capital accounts. Therefore, the final objective is the proper settlement and closure of all accounts. Raising new capital or admitting a new partner relates to continuing or reconstituting the firm, not dissolving it. Exam tip: Dissolution means ending the firm’s business and finally settling its affairs.

Realisation profit = Total credit − Total debit = ₹86,000 − ₹81,500 = ₹4,500. Since the credit side exceeds the debit side, the difference represents a realisation profit, which is transferred to the partners’ capital accounts in their profit-sharing ratio. Exam tip: A higher credit total means profit, while a higher debit total means loss.