Geography

Mass movements, erosion, and deposition

Q: What is the lime deposit growing downward from a cave roof called?

Stalactite A stalactite grows downward from the roof of a cave. In exams, remember stalactite as the ceiling feature.

Q: Which lime deposit grows upward from the cave floor?

Stalagmite A stalagmite grows upward from the cave floor. In exams, remember stalagmite as the floor feature.

Q: A cut-off meander forms which landform?

Oxbow lake When a river cuts through a meander neck, the abandoned loop becomes an oxbow lake. Link meander cut-off with oxbow lakes.

Q: Lateral erosion is more prominent in which stage of a river?

Middle and lower course In the middle and lower course, a river erodes banks and forms meanders and floodplains. In exams, link lateral erosion with meanders.

Q: In what general order does a river deposit sediment according to size?

Coarse first, fine later As energy decreases, a river deposits heavier particles first and finer particles later. Link particle size with velocity in exams.

Q: Under which condition can soil creep become faster?

Repeated wetting and drying Wetting and drying expand and shrink soil particles, increasing slow movement. In exams, connect climatic cycles with soil creep.

Q: How does dense vegetation help stabilize a slope?

Roots bind the soil Vegetation roots hold soil together and reduce landslide risk. In exams, connect deforestation with slope instability.

Q: Why can an earthquake trigger landslides?

Shaking destabilizes slope materials Seismic shaking can disturb the balance of rocks and soil on slopes. Treat earthquakes as rapid landslide triggers in exams.

Q: What is a characteristic of a slump landslide?

Rotational movement along a curved surface In a slump, material moves downslope rotationally along a curved surface. Identify slump as a rotational landslide in exams.

Q: An avalanche mainly involves rapid downslope movement of which material?

Snow and ice An avalanche is the rapid downslope movement of snow and ice. Link it with mountainous snowy regions in exams.

In Class 11 Geography, this topic within “Geomorphic Processes” explains how weathering, gravity, running water, wind, glaciers, waves, and underground water reshape the land. Students learn to distinguish mass movements such as landslides and soil creep from erosion, examine how sediments are transported, and understand deposition that builds features such as fans, floodplains, dunes, moraines, and deltas. It connects processes, landforms, and environmental impacts through clear geographical examples.

Medium · Level 6 · 25 questions

Practice questions

01What is the lime deposit growing downward from a cave roof called?

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Answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Stalactite

A stalactite grows downward from the roof of a cave. In exams, remember stalactite as the ceiling feature.

Mass movements, erosion, and deposition

Practice questions

01What is the lime deposit growing downward from a cave roof called?गुफा की छत से नीचे की ओर बढ़ने वाली चूना निक्षेप आकृति क्या कहलाती है?

02Which lime deposit grows upward from the cave floor?गुफा के फर्श से ऊपर की ओर बढ़ने वाली चूना निक्षेप आकृति कौन-सी है?

03A cut-off meander forms which landform?मेअंडर का कटकर अलग हो जाना किस स्थलरूप का निर्माण करता है?

04Lateral erosion is more prominent in which stage of a river?पार्श्व अपरदन किस नदी अवस्था में अधिक प्रमुख होता है?

05In what general order does a river deposit sediment according to size?नदी का अवसाद आकार के आधार पर सामान्यतः किस क्रम में जमा होता है?

06Under which condition can soil creep become faster?किस स्थिति में मृदा सर्पण की गति बढ़ सकती है?

07How does dense vegetation help stabilize a slope?अधिक वनस्पति ढाल को स्थिर करने में कैसे मदद करती है?

08Why can an earthquake trigger landslides?भूकंप भूस्खलन को क्यों प्रेरित कर सकता है?

09What is a characteristic of a slump landslide?स्लंप भूस्खलन की विशेषता क्या होती है?

10An avalanche mainly involves rapid downslope movement of which material?हिमस्खलन में मुख्य रूप से किस पदार्थ का तीव्र ढालानुगामी संचलन होता है?

11What is the rapid flow of highly water-saturated fine mud called?जल से बहुत अधिक संतृप्त महीन मिट्टी का तेज प्रवाह क्या कहलाता है?

12What is a narrow and deep valley formed by river erosion generally called?नदी कटाव से बनी संकरी और गहरी घाटी को सामान्यतः क्या कहा जाता है?

13What is the flat rocky platform formed as a sea cliff retreats called?समुद्री चट्टान के पीछे हटने से बनने वाला सपाट चट्टानी मंच क्या कहलाता है?

14What is the fine yellowish dust-like material deposited by wind called?वायु द्वारा जमा महीन पीली धूल जैसी मिट्टी को क्या कहा जाता है?

15What is the crescent-shaped sand dune that indicates prevailing wind direction called?वक्राकार बालू टीला जो प्रचलित हवा की दिशा दिखाता है, क्या कहलाता है?

16What is a rounded hill-like depositional feature formed beneath a glacier called?हिमनद तल में जमा गोलाई लिए पहाड़ी जैसी निक्षेप आकृति क्या कहलाती है?

17What is the natural raised ridge formed along river banks during floods called?नदी के किनारों पर बाढ़ के समय बनती प्राकृतिक ऊँची पट्टी क्या कहलाती है?

18Flowing water on a steep slope increases which type of erosion?अधिक ढाल पर बहता जल किस प्रकार के अपरदन को बढ़ाता है?

19Gully erosion can be considered a developed form of what?गुल्ली अपरदन किसका विकसित रूप माना जा सकता है?

20What usually occurs more on the outer bank of a river bend?नदी के मोड़ के बाहरी किनारे पर सामान्यतः क्या अधिक होता है?

21Which process usually occurs on the inner bank of a river bend?नदी के मोड़ के भीतरी किनारे पर सामान्यतः कौन-सी प्रक्रिया होती है?

22What is the main reason loose slope material moves after heavy rainfall?भारी वर्षा के बाद ढीली ढाल सामग्री के खिसकने का प्रमुख कारण क्या है?

23Why can improper road construction on slopes increase landslides?ढाल पर सड़क निर्माण गलत तरीके से करने पर भूस्खलन क्यों बढ़ सकता है?

24Which general condition is most favorable for deposition?निक्षेपण के लिए सबसे अनुकूल सामान्य स्थिति कौन-सी है?

25How do erosion and deposition together change a landscape?अपरदन और निक्षेपण मिलकर भूदृश्य को कैसे बदलते हैं?

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01What is the lime deposit growing downward from a cave roof called?

02Which lime deposit grows upward from the cave floor?

03A cut-off meander forms which landform?

04Lateral erosion is more prominent in which stage of a river?

05In what general order does a river deposit sediment according to size?

06Under which condition can soil creep become faster?

07How does dense vegetation help stabilize a slope?

08Why can an earthquake trigger landslides?

09What is a characteristic of a slump landslide?

10An avalanche mainly involves rapid downslope movement of which material?

11What is the rapid flow of highly water-saturated fine mud called?

12What is a narrow and deep valley formed by river erosion generally called?

13What is the flat rocky platform formed as a sea cliff retreats called?

14What is the fine yellowish dust-like material deposited by wind called?

15What is the crescent-shaped sand dune that indicates prevailing wind direction called?

16What is a rounded hill-like depositional feature formed beneath a glacier called?

17What is the natural raised ridge formed along river banks during floods called?

18Flowing water on a steep slope increases which type of erosion?

19Gully erosion can be considered a developed form of what?

20What usually occurs more on the outer bank of a river bend?

21Which process usually occurs on the inner bank of a river bend?

22What is the main reason loose slope material moves after heavy rainfall?

23Why can improper road construction on slopes increase landslides?

24Which general condition is most favorable for deposition?

25How do erosion and deposition together change a landscape?