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Subjects

Science

Heredity and Evolution

आनुवंशिकता और विकास

This Class 10 Science topic from the chapter “World of Living” explains how traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes and chromosomes. Students explore Mendel’s experiments, dominant and recessive traits, inherited variation, and the basic idea of sex determination in humans. The topic also introduces evolution, showing how variations, natural selection, fossils, and similarities or differences among organisms help us understand the gradual development of life over generations.

Practice questions

In pea plants, yellow seed is dominant over green seed. If two heterozygous yellow-seeded plants are crossed, what is the probability of green seeds?If tall stem is dominant and dwarf stem is recessive, what will the first generation be when a pure tall plant is crossed with a dwarf plant?A cross gives a phenotypic ratio of three tall and one dwarf. Which genotype cross best explains this result?If an organism with a recessive trait is crossed with an organism having a dominant trait but unknown genotype, what is this test called?What is the significance of the nine to three to three to one ratio in the second generation of a dihybrid cross?In which condition will a recessive trait appear in the phenotype?What is the evolutionary importance of DNA copies not being perfectly identical?Why is the sex of a human child considered to be influenced more by the father?A couple has four daughters. What is the correct statement about the chance that the fifth child will be a boy?Which example shows an acquired trait, not an inherited trait?Which conclusion best fits Weismann's mouse experiment?Natural selection acts most effectively on which type of traits?Some bacteria survive exposure to a drug and later increase in number. This is an example of what?Dark-coloured moths survived better in industrial areas because they were less visible on soot-darkened surfaces. Which principle does this support?In which condition can genetic drift be most influential?If only a few deer survive after a flood and form a new population, why may the gene frequency of that population change?What can be a possible result if gene flow between two populations remains stopped for a long time?What is the most direct effect of reproductive isolation?Analogous organs are examples of what?Human hand and horse forelimb are examples of which type of organs?