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What is the correct condition on λ for real roots of x² + 2(λ−1)x + λ² + 1 = 0?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: λ≤0

For a quadratic equation to have real roots, its discriminant must satisfy D≥0. Here a=1, b=2(λ−1), and c=λ²+1. Therefore D=[2(λ−1)]²−4(1)(λ²+1)=4(λ−1)²−4(λ²+1). Expanding and simplifying gives D=4(λ²−2λ+1−λ²−1)=−8λ. The condition for real roots is −8λ≥0. Dividing by the negative number −8 reverses the inequality, giving λ≤0. Equality λ=0 is included because it produces D=0 and hence equal real roots. Thus option A is correct. Option B has the opposite inequality, option C is unnecessarily restrictive, and option D includes values such as λ=1/2 for which D<0 and the roots are not real.

Related tags

Quadratic EquationsDiscriminantParameter ConditionNature Of RootsMathematicsClass 10 Mcq

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