Important Historical Events

This treaty tried to divide colonial claims of Spain and Portugal. For exams, connect it with the age of maritime discoveries.

The Peace of Augsburg recognized religion according to the ruler's faith. For exams, remember it as a post-Reformation settlement.

Columbus's voyages accelerated the linking of the Atlantic world. For exams, connect it with the beginning of European expansion.

After the Aztec fall, Spain expanded control in the Mexico region. For exams, connect it with Spanish colonialism in the Americas.

At the Diet of Worms, Luther refused to withdraw his criticism of the Church. For exams, connect it with firmness of the Reformation.

The Council of Trent clarified Catholic doctrines and reforms. For exams, connect it with the Counter-Reformation.

The English Civil War was linked with the power struggle between king and Parliament. For exams, treat it as background to constitutional monarchy.

The Bill of Rights strengthened parliamentary supremacy and civil rights. For exams, connect it with constitutional development.

The Boston Tea Party symbolized protest against British tax policy. For exams, connect it with colonial discontent.

The American Constitution provided federalism and separation of powers. For exams, remember it as an example of a modern democratic constitution.

The National Assembly challenged the old feudal and privileged order. For exams, connect it with the crisis of the Estates system.

During the Reign of Terror, the revolutionary government acted harshly against opponents. For exams, connect it with Jacobin rule.

The Haitian Revolution was an important success of anti-slavery struggle. For exams, connect it with independence and abolition of slavery.

Bolivar played a role in the independence of several South American regions. For exams, remember him as a liberator of Latin America.

The Monroe Doctrine argued against European intervention in the Americas. For exams, connect it with American foreign policy.

The Greek struggle showed nationalist feeling and demand for freedom. For exams, connect it with nineteenth-century nationalism.

The Crimean War showed attempts to limit Russian influence. For exams, connect it with the Eastern Question.

Garibaldi contributed to southern Italian unification through military campaigns. For exams, remember him with Mazzini and Cavour.

Prussia's victory strengthened German nationalism and completed unification. For exams, connect it with Bismarck's policy.

The Berlin Conference gave organized form to European imperialism. For exams, remember the absence of African participation.

In the Manchurian crisis, the League could not effectively stop Japan. For exams, connect it with the background of World War II.

The League's weakness appeared in failing to stop Italy's aggression. For exams, treat it as failure of collective security.

In the Munich Agreement, Sudetenland was given to Germany. For exams, connect it with the limits of appeasement.

The pact reduced Germany's concern about the eastern front. For exams, connect it with the background of the invasion of Poland.

The Dunkirk evacuation saved British and Allied troops from complete destruction. For exams, remember it as an important military rescue event.