Important Historical Events

Correct answer: A. Division of new lands between Spain and Portugal

This treaty tried to divide colonial claims of Spain and Portugal. For exams, connect it with the age of maritime discoveries.

Correct answer: B. The ruler's religion would be the region's religion

The Peace of Augsburg recognized religion according to the ruler's faith. For exams, remember it as a post-Reformation settlement.

Correct answer: B. Permanent contact between Europe and the Americas increased

Columbus's voyages accelerated the linking of the Atlantic world. For exams, connect it with the beginning of European expansion.

Correct answer: A. Spanish colonial power strengthened in Central America

After the Aztec fall, Spain expanded control in the Mexico region. For exams, connect it with Spanish colonialism in the Americas.

Correct answer: A. He was asked to withdraw his religious views

At the Diet of Worms, Luther refused to withdraw his criticism of the Church. For exams, connect it with firmness of the Reformation.

Correct answer: A. It gave direction to Catholic Reformation

The Council of Trent clarified Catholic doctrines and reforms. For exams, connect it with the Counter-Reformation.

Correct answer: A. Whether king or Parliament would hold supreme power

The English Civil War was linked with the power struggle between king and Parliament. For exams, treat it as background to constitutional monarchy.

Correct answer: A. Royal power was limited and Parliament strengthened

The Bill of Rights strengthened parliamentary supremacy and civil rights. For exams, connect it with constitutional development.

Correct answer: A. American struggle for independence

The Boston Tea Party symbolized protest against British tax policy. For exams, connect it with colonial discontent.

Correct answer: A. It became an example of a written federal constitution

The American Constitution provided federalism and separation of powers. For exams, remember it as an example of a modern democratic constitution.

Correct answer: A. Old order based on birth privileges

The National Assembly challenged the old feudal and privileged order. For exams, connect it with the crisis of the Estates system.

Correct answer: A. Harsh repression in the name of defending the revolution

During the Reign of Terror, the revolutionary government acted harshly against opponents. For exams, connect it with Jacobin rule.

Correct answer: A. It was linked with a successful slave revolt and an independent Black republic

The Haitian Revolution was an important success of anti-slavery struggle. For exams, connect it with independence and abolition of slavery.

Correct answer: A. Leadership of independence movements

Bolivar played a role in the independence of several South American regions. For exams, remember him as a liberator of Latin America.

Correct answer: A. Opposition to European intervention in the Americas

The Monroe Doctrine argued against European intervention in the Americas. For exams, connect it with American foreign policy.

Correct answer: A. Nationalism and freedom from Ottoman rule

The Greek struggle showed nationalist feeling and demand for freedom. For exams, connect it with nineteenth-century nationalism.

Correct answer: A. European concern over the Ottoman question and Russian expansion

The Crimean War showed attempts to limit Russian influence. For exams, connect it with the Eastern Question.

Correct answer: A. Popular campaign and liberation of southern Italy

Garibaldi contributed to southern Italian unification through military campaigns. For exams, remember him with Mazzini and Cavour.

Correct answer: A. It opened the way for proclamation of the German Empire

Prussia's victory strengthened German nationalism and completed unification. For exams, connect it with Bismarck's policy.

Correct answer: A. European claims in Africa's partition gained legitimacy

The Berlin Conference gave organized form to European imperialism. For exams, remember the absence of African participation.

Correct answer: A. Weak enforcement capacity of the League of Nations

In the Manchurian crisis, the League could not effectively stop Japan. For exams, connect it with the background of World War II.

Correct answer: A. The League's credibility weakened further

The League's weakness appeared in failing to stop Italy's aggression. For exams, treat it as failure of collective security.

Correct answer: A. Hitler's demand was accepted to try to avoid war

In the Munich Agreement, Sudetenland was given to Germany. For exams, connect it with the limits of appeasement.

Correct answer: A. Germany gained strategic freedom to attack Poland

The pact reduced Germany's concern about the eastern front. For exams, connect it with the background of the invasion of Poland.

Correct answer: A. Many soldiers were saved for the later war

The Dunkirk evacuation saved British and Allied troops from complete destruction. For exams, remember it as an important military rescue event.