Important Historical Events

Westphalia strengthened the idea of sovereign states. For exams connect it with the background of the modern international order.

The fall of Constantinople accelerated the search for trade alternatives. For exams connect it with the background of exploration.

The Renaissance changed not only art but also thinking and knowledge. For exams connect it with the beginning of modern Europe.

The printing press made the spread of knowledge faster and wider. For exams connect it with Reformation and education.

The Reformation had political effects besides religious effects. For exams connect it with Church authority and European states.

The Glorious Revolution increased control over absolute royal power. For exams connect it with parliamentary supremacy.

American colonies opposed rule and taxation without representation. For exams connect it with the Declaration of Independence.

The declaration strengthened the idea of modern civil rights. For exams connect it with liberty equality and popular sovereignty.

The Haitian Revolution is a strong example of anti slavery and independence. For exams connect it with Caribbean history.

The Congress of Vienna tried to restore European balance after revolutionary upheaval. For exams connect it with the post Napoleon order.

The Industrial Revolution changed the structure of labour and cities. For exams connect it with factory system and urbanization.

The Treaty of Nanking was linked with the beginning of unequal treaties. For exams connect it with western imperialism.

Meiji reforms strengthened Japan militarily and industrially. For exams study it as an example of Asian modernization.

The Berlin Conference is a clear example of colonial imperialism. For exams connect it with the Scramble for Africa.

Alliances helped spread the Sarajevo crisis into a larger war. For exams remember alliances among long term causes.

Versailles gave background to German resentment and extremist politics. For exams connect it with post war instability.

Dual power made Russian politics unstable and conflict ridden. For exams understand the sequence of February and October revolutions.

The Munich Agreement failed to stop Nazi aggression. For exams study appeasement with the background of World War II.

After Pearl Harbor the USA became decisively involved in the Pacific and world war. For exams connect it with 1941.

D Day helped liberate Western Europe and increase pressure on Germany. For exams connect it with the Normandy campaign.

The Holocaust forced the world to think about crimes against humanity. For exams connect it with human rights and genocide.

The atomic bombs raised questions on both war strategy and morality. For exams connect it with the beginning of the nuclear age.

After Yalta tensions grew over influence in Eastern Europe. For exams connect it with the background of the Cold War.

The Security Council is linked with important decisions on international peace. For exams remember veto and permanent members.

The Marshall Plan was both economic reconstruction and containment policy. For exams connect it with the beginning of the Cold War.