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If (a+b+c=9) and (ab+bc+ca=20), what is (a^2+b^2+c^2)?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (41)

The direct answer is option A: 41. Use the identity \(a^2+b^2+c^2=(a+b+c)^2-2(ab+bc+ca)\). Substitute the given values step by step: \((a+b+c)^2=9^2=81\), and \(2(ab+bc+ca)=2\cdot20=40\). Therefore \(a^2+b^2+c^2=81-40=41\). Option A is correct. Option B, 49, could result from an incorrect subtraction or from ignoring the factor 2. Option C, 61, is not obtained from the identity and has no valid calculation here. Option D, 81, is only \((a+b+c)^2\); it forgets to subtract the cross-product terms. The identity comes from expanding \((a+b+c)^2\), which contains the three squares and twice the pairwise products. Memory cue: square of sum equals sum of squares plus twice the pair products.

Related tags

Three Term SquareGiven ValuesSum Of Squares

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