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History

Why Deforestation?

वनों की कटाई क्यों?

In this Class 9 History topic from “Forest Society and Colonialism,” students examine why forests were cleared and how colonial policies transformed forest use. They learn how railways, shipbuilding, commercial timber, plantations and expanding agriculture increased demand for wood and land. The topic also explores the effects on forest communities, shifting cultivators and pastoralists, including restrictions on customary rights, loss of livelihoods and resistance to state control. It helps students connect deforestation with colonial economic interests and social change.

Practice questions

What was common between farming and railway needs in deforestation?Why is it necessary to study colonial needs to understand deforestation?Why cannot deforestation be called only a natural process?Who benefited more from deforestation in the colonial period?Which is the most correct group of causes of deforestation?What change in land use occurred when forests were turned into fields?What was the main effect of the colonial commercial view on deforestation?Which is the most correct conclusion about deforestation?Why was clearing forests for roads and railway routes considered important in the colonial period?How did deforestation help the colonial government control forest products?Why is it incomplete to explain deforestation under colonial rule only through agricultural expansion?Why did British officials often consider forests as waste land?Which is the most accurate relation between railway expansion and deforestation?Why did timber from Indian forests become important for British shipbuilding?Why was expansion of cultivation profitable for the colonial government?How did population growth increase deforestation?Why did tea coffee and rubber plantations increase pressure on forests?What effect did converting forests into fields have on local forest dwellers?What received more priority than local needs in colonial forest policy?Why did expansion of commercial crops increase deforestation in the colonial period?