Population Density

Population density means the number of people living per unit area. It is generally expressed as persons per square kilometre, so option B is correct. Persons per square metre or per hectare are also area-based measures, but the standard unit used in school geography is persons per square kilometre. Exam tip: remember the formula—total population ÷ total area.

More people in a small area means high density. Exam tip: connect high density with crowded areas.

Density shows how closely people are settled in an area. Exam tip: connect density with concentration.

Total population is a number, while density is number according to area. Exam tip: keep both terms separate.

Population density is calculated by dividing total population by area. Exam tip: do not reverse the formula.

Number of people per square kilometre is called population density. Exam tip: notice the square kilometre clue.

In the 2011 Census, India's density was about 382 persons per square kilometre. Exam tip: remember it approximately.

Fertile land and jobs can attract people to settle. Exam tip: connect favourable factors with high density.

Harsh climate and difficult terrain can reduce settlement. Exam tip: connect difficult natural conditions with low density.

In sparse population, people are fewer and far apart. Exam tip: connect sparse with low density.

Population density means the number of people living in a unit of area, such as one square kilometre. It helps planners understand where many people live close together and where the demand for schools, hospitals, water, transport, housing, and other public services may be greater. Density does not itself create facilities, change mountains, name rivers, or stop weather. Its value is that it provides useful information for deciding where facilities and resources may be needed most.

To solve this question, connect the meaning of density with practical planning. A densely populated area may place heavier pressure on roads, classrooms, health centres, water supply, sanitation, and housing. A sparsely populated area may require a different arrangement of services because people are more spread out. Therefore, option A is correct: density shows where pressure on facilities may be higher. The other choices describe unrelated or impossible effects.

With the same area, more people increase people per unit area. Exam tip: connect population increase with density increase.

If the same population spreads over a larger area, people per area decrease. Exam tip: understand the effect of area change.

Dividing two lakh by one thousand gives two hundred. Exam tip: apply ( \text{Density} = \frac{\text{Population}}{\text{Area}} ).

Dividing five lakh by one thousand gives five hundred. Exam tip: convert lakh correctly into number.

Population density = total population ÷ total area. Here, one lakh = 100,000 persons, so 100,000 ÷ 500 = 200 persons per square kilometre. Therefore, option A is correct. A density of 500 persons per square kilometre would require a population of 250,000 over this area. Exam tip: first convert lakh into a number, then divide population by area and write the unit.

Bihar has had very high population density. Exam tip: connect Bihar with high density example.

Arunachal Pradesh has low density due to difficult terrain. Exam tip: remember it as a low density example.

Census gives official data related to population and area. Exam tip: treat Census as the main source.

In high density, demand on limited resources may increase. Exam tip: connect high density with resource pressure.