The Northern Plains

The direct answer is A: Khadar is the subdivision connected with river flood plains. Floods spread river water over low ground and leave behind fresh deposits of silt, sand, and clay. This newly deposited alluvium is called Khadar. It is generally younger and lower than Bhangar, which is older alluvium found on higher terraces and may contain calcareous deposits called kankar. Option A is correct because it directly matches new floodplain alluvium. Option B is wrong because Bhangar is older alluvium and is less directly renewed by annual floods. Option C is wrong because Himadri is the highest Himalayan range, not a plain subdivision. Option D is wrong because Shiwalik is the outer Himalayan range. Memory cue: floodplain and fresh alluvium point to Khadar.

Long-term deposition by rivers made the plains flat and extensive. Exam tip: remember the process of deposition.

Rivers bring soil and sediments and form plains. Exam tip: consider rivers as the source of alluvial deposits.

The Punjab Plains are formed by deposits of the Indus and its tributaries. Exam tip: connect Punjab Plains with the Indus system.

The Brahmaputra Plain is linked with deposits of the Brahmaputra River. Exam tip: connect it with the plains of Assam.

The Ganga and its tributaries play a major role in the Ganga Plain. Exam tip: connect the Ganga Plain with the Ganga River.

Earlier the Terai region had dense forests and marshy land. Exam tip: connect Terai with wet and forested areas.

Moving southward from the foothills of the Shiwaliks, the Bhabar belt occurs first. The Terai lies south of it, where water that seeps underground in Bhabar re-emerges near the surface and may make the land marshy. Therefore, the correct order is Bhabar followed by Terai. Exam tip: remember the north-to-south sequence—Shiwaliks → Bhabar → Terai.

Alluvium is material such as silt, sand, clay, and gravel deposited by rivers. In the Northern Plains, Bhangar and Khadar are two important divisions based mainly on the age and position of these deposits. Bhangar is the older alluvium, usually lying on slightly higher terraces. Khadar is the newer alluvium, deposited more recently in the low-lying floodplains and renewed by floods. This age difference is the key idea in the question.

Option A is correct because Khadar means the newer alluvial deposit. Bhangar is older, so option B gives the opposite relationship. A doab is the land between two rivers, not a category based on the age of alluvium. Terai is a wet belt near the Himalayan foothills, also not the name for newer alluvium. Therefore, when asked which is newer between Bhangar and Khadar, choose Khadar, option A.

Bhangar is made of older alluvial deposits. Exam tip: remember Bhangar as the older and higher part.

Khadar is considered more fertile because it is made of newer alluvium. Exam tip: connect Khadar with new flood soil.

The direct answer is A: Bhangar, also commonly spelled Bangar in school geography. Bhangar is the older alluvium of the Northern Plains. It was deposited earlier and usually lies on a relatively higher terrace than Khadar. It may contain calcareous concretions called kankar, and it is less regularly renewed by floods. B, Khadar, is newer alluvium, generally found in lower active floodplains. C, Terai, is the wet belt south of Bhabar, not the older higher alluvial surface. D, Dun, is a longitudinal valley between mountain ranges, especially associated with the Himalayan foothills, not the older alluvial division of the plains. Thus A is correct. Memory cue: Bhangar is “before” or older; Khadar is newer floodplain alluvium.

Rivers deposit alluvial sediments in the Northern Plains. Exam tip: remember the depositional work of rivers.

Bhabar Terai Bhangar and Khadar are terms related to the Northern Plains. Exam tip: remember subdivisions of plains separately.

The Northern Plains were formed by long-term river deposition. Exam tip: treat river deposition as the main process.

Fertile alluvial soil makes the Northern Plains suitable for agriculture. Exam tip: remember the relation between alluvial soil and farming.

Fertile soil is the main base of farming in the Northern Plains. Exam tip: remember both soil and water for farming.

The Brahmaputra Plain is a part of the Northern Plains formed by the Brahmaputra River and its tributaries in Assam. The Punjab Plains are associated with rivers such as the Sutlej and Beas, not Assam. Exam tip: remember the link Assam—Brahmaputra—Brahmaputra Plain.

The direct answer is A: the Ganga Plain. A plain is often identified by the river system that deposited its alluvium. The Ganga Plain is formed and nourished by the Ganga and its tributaries, including rivers such as the Yamuna, Ghaghara, Gandak and Kosi in different sections. Therefore the river name and plain name match directly, making A correct. B, the Punjab Plain, is mainly associated with the Indus system and its tributaries, not primarily the Ganga. C, the Malabar Plain, is a narrow coastal plain along India’s western coast and is not named for the Ganga. D, Lakshadweep Plain, is not the relevant mainland alluvial plain and Lakshadweep is an island group. Hence A is the best answer. Memory cue: river basin names help identify their associated plains.

The Punjab Plain is linked with the Indus river system. Exam tip: study Punjab Plain with Indus tributaries.

The Northern Plains are fertile alluvial plains south of the Himalayas. Exam tip: remember both location and soil clues.

River systems, alluvial soil and subdivisions are main clues of the Northern Plains. Exam tip: first identify plain-related terms.

Khadar is formed of newer alluvium and Bhangar of older alluvium. Exam tip: remember new and old alluvium separately.

Answer: A. The Bhabar belt lies along the Himalayan foothills and contains coarse pebbles and porous material. Streams often disappear into this porous belt. Immediately south of Bhabar is the Terai, where the underground water re-emerges because the finer sediments do not allow it to sink as easily. This produces a wet, marshy, and sometimes waterlogged landscape. A is correct because the returning surface water is the basic reason for Terai’s moisture. B is wrong: coral rocks are associated mainly with warm shallow marine environments, not the cause of Terai’s wetness. C is wrong because Terai is not a lava-flow region. D is wrong because Terai is an inland belt, not a sea location. Memory cue: Bhabar hides the streams; Terai brings them back.

River deposits form alluvial soil which is useful for farming. Exam tip: connect deposits with agriculture.