The Northern Plains

Correct answer: B. They are formed by alluvial deposits and useful for agriculture

Northern Plains are formed by alluvial deposits and are highly useful for agriculture. Exam tip: study origin and use together.

Correct answer: A. Khadar

Khadar is new alluvium and is renewed by floods. Exam tip: choose Khadar for regular deposition clue.

Correct answer: B. Bhangar

The direct answer is B: Bhangar. In the Northern Plains, alluvium means sediment deposited by rivers. New alluvium, renewed frequently by floods, is called Khadar and is generally found in lower floodplain areas. Older alluvium, lying on slightly higher surfaces and often containing calcareous nodules called kankar, is called Bhangar. Therefore the clues can be matched step by step: kankar means older alluvium; older alluvium on higher ground means Bhangar. Option A, Terai, is the marshy, wet belt south of the Bhabar where underground streams reappear, so it does not fit. Option B is correct because it contains both identifying clues. Option C, Khadar, is newer floodplain alluvium and is renewed by floods, not the usual answer for old kankar-rich deposits. Option D, Bhabar, is a porous pebble belt along the Shiwalik foothills where streams disappear, not an old-alluvium plain. Exam cue: old and higher with kankar means Bhangar; new and flood-prone means Khadar.

Correct answer: C. Terai

Terai is the wet, marshy belt located south of the Bhabar region. Streams that disappear into the porous pebbles of Bhabar re-emerge in Terai, creating marshy conditions. Bhangar is an older alluvial terrace and is not identified by these marshy conditions. Exam tip: when ‘south of Bhabar’ and ‘marshy’ appear together, choose Terai.

Correct answer: D. Bhabar

In Bhabar, rivers go underground due to pebbly surface. Exam tip: connect disappearing rivers with Bhabar.

Correct answer: B. Alluvial soil, water availability and level surface

Alluvial soil, water and level surface support settlement and farming. Exam tip: remember these three reasons for population clues.

Correct answer: A. Himalayan rivers bring alluvial deposits

Deposits of Himalayan rivers are the basis of Northern Plains formation. Exam tip: connect Himalayas and plains through rivers.

Correct answer: B. Punjab Plain

Punjab Plain in the western part is linked with the Indus system. Exam tip: choose Punjab Plain for west and Indus clues.

Correct answer: C. Brahmaputra Plain

Brahmaputra Plain is linked with north-eastern India and Assam. Exam tip: remember Brahmaputra Plain for north-east clue.

Correct answer: A. Middle extensive part of the Northern Plains

Ganga Plain is the main middle part of the Northern Plains. Exam tip: place Ganga Plain in the middle of regional order.

Correct answer: C. Bhabar is pebbly foothill and Terai is wet marshy region

Direct answer: Option C is correct. Bhabar and Terai are two different belts at the Himalayan foothills. Bhabar is a narrow, coarse, pebbly belt formed by material brought down by streams from the mountains. Its porous surface allows streams to disappear underground. South of it, the Terai is a low, wet and marshy belt where those underground streams re-emerge. Option C gives both parts in the correct order, so it works. Option A reverses the two characteristics: wet marshy describes Terai, while pebbly foothill describes Bhabar. Option B is wrong because neither belt is a marine or volcanic region in this comparison. Option D is wrong because Bhabar and Terai are foothill belts, not peaks of the high Himadri range. The reasoning is based on material and water movement, not just location: coarse pebbles and disappearing streams identify Bhabar; moisture and reappearing streams identify Terai. Memory cue: “Bhabar is pebbly; Terai is soggy.”

Correct answer: A. Khadar is new fertile alluvium and Bhangar is old alluvium

Direct answer: Option A is correct. Khadar and Bhangar are both alluvial parts of the Northern Plains, but their age and flood relationship differ. Khadar is newer alluvium deposited on the active floodplain. Fresh sediment can be added to it during floods, and it is usually fertile. Bhangar is older alluvium found on a relatively higher terrace beyond the regular reach of floods; it may contain kankar. Option A states exactly this new-versus-old distinction. Option B is wrong because it reverses the descriptions: Khadar is not old kankar soil, and Bhangar is not the new flood soil. Option C is wrong because neither is a marine coral formation. Option D is wrong because neither is a mountain peak; both are depositional subdivisions of the plains. When answering, look first for the words “new,” “flood,” and “old.” New and flood-renewed means Khadar; old and often kankar-bearing means Bhangar. Memory cue: “Khadar comes again with floods; Bhangar belongs to the past.”

Correct answer: D. They are formed by marine coral reefs

Northern Plains are not formed by marine coral but by river alluvial deposits. Exam tip: connect coral with islands, not plains.

Correct answer: A. Indus system and Punjab Plain

The western part is linked with Punjab Plain and Indus system. Exam tip: identify the western area with Punjab-Indus.

Correct answer: C. Assam and Brahmaputra

The eastern part is identified with Assam and Brahmaputra Plain. Exam tip: connect eastern clue with Brahmaputra.

Correct answer: A. Level alluvial land and agriculture-dominant use

Northern Plains are level alluvial land and highly useful for agriculture. Exam tip: study physical and economic sides together.

Correct answer: D. Khadar

Khadar is new floodplain alluvium that gets renewed. Exam tip: choose Khadar for flood and renewal clues.

Correct answer: A. Bhangar

Bhangar is the older alluvium of the Northern Plains. It occurs on relatively higher land than the newer alluvial floodplains of Khadar and contains kankar, or calcareous concretions. Khadar is newer alluvium deposited in lower floodplain areas. Exam tip: “old alluvium + kankar + higher than Khadar” indicates Bhangar.

Correct answer: A. They are fertile alluvial plains south of Himalayas formed by river deposits

Northern Plains are identified by location, formation and fertility. Exam tip: remember all three clues together.

Correct answer: B. Ganga Plain

Ganga Plain is the major and extensive middle part of the Northern Plains. Exam tip: connect the Ganga system with the middle plain.

Correct answer: A. Bhabar

Bhabar is the pebbly depositional belt at the Shiwalik foothills. Exam tip: remember Bhabar for foothill deposits.

Correct answer: A. Water seeps in Bhabar and reappears in Terai

Water goes underground in pebbly Bhabar and streams reappear in southern Terai. Exam tip: remember this order with river behaviour.

Correct answer: A. Study river systems, regional parts, Bhabar-Terai and Bhangar-Khadar together

At medium level, formation, regional order and soil belts are asked together. Exam tip: revise through a combined table.

Correct answer: A. Bhabar, Terai, Bhangar-Khadar zone

At the Shiwalik foothills Bhabar comes first, Terai lies south of it and alluvial plains extend further. Exam tip: remember the north-south belt order.

Correct answer: A. It is new alluvium that keeps getting renewed by floods

The direct answer is A: Khadar is new alluvial soil renewed by floods. Alluvium means fine soil, sand and silt brought and deposited by rivers. In the Northern Plains, newer deposits near active floodplains are called Khadar. Floods may damage crops, but they also spread fresh mineral-rich sediment, so the soil is usually fertile and useful for farming. Option A is correct because it gives both identifying facts: new alluvium and repeated renewal by floods. Option B is wrong because hard granite is a rock, not the loose, fertile river deposit that defines Khadar. Option C is wrong because marine coral is associated with seas and coral formations, not the river-made floodplain soil of Khadar. Option D is wrong because Khadar is generally linked with river deposition and fertility, not a dry sandy desert. The exam clue is “new flood alluvium”; choose Khadar, while older, less frequently renewed alluvium is Bhangar. Memory cue: Khadar is “khadar = नया, flood-fed field.”