How does the political executive get laws implemented?

Correct answer: Through ministries and administrative officials

Direct answer: A is correct. After Parliament makes a law, the political executive gives it practical effect through the concerned ministries, departments and administrative officials. Ministers provide political direction, frame rules or programmes where authorised, allocate resources and supervise implementation. Civil servants and other officials carry out these decisions through offices and public services. B is wrong because courts are an essential part of the constitutional system and are not closed to implement laws. C is wrong because the Election Commission conducts elections; it does not generally write or implement ordinary laws for ministries. D is wrong because citizens do not carry out the government’s administrative paperwork directly. Memory cue: law-making gives a rule; ministries and officials turn that rule into action.