D. वस्त्र बदलने या विशेष गतिविधियों के लिए/For changing clothes or special activities
Step 1
Concept
Rooms around the Great Bath may have supported activities connected with bathing. Their exact function is not known.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. वस्त्र बदलने या विशेष गतिविधियों के लिए / For changing clothes or special activities. Rooms around the Great Bath may have supported activities connected with bathing. Their exact function is not known.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्नानागार के आसपास बने कमरे स्नान से जुड़ी गतिविधियों के लिए उपयोग किए गए होंगे। उनका निश्चित उपयोग ज्ञात नहीं है।
B. चबूतरों और दीवारों के निर्माण में/For constructing platforms and walls
Step 1
Concept
Mud bricks were used in structures such as walls and raised platforms. Baked bricks were also an important building material.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. चबूतरों और दीवारों के निर्माण में / For constructing platforms and walls. Mud bricks were used in structures such as walls and raised platforms. Baked bricks were also an important building material.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कच्ची ईंटों का उपयोग दीवारों और ऊंचे चबूतरों जैसी संरचनाओं में होता था। पकी ईंटें भी महत्वपूर्ण निर्माण सामग्री थीं।
C. उन्नत स्वच्छता व्यवस्था/Advanced sanitation system
Step 1
Concept
Covered drains and arrangements for their cleaning show advanced civic sanitation. This was a major feature of Harappan planning.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. उन्नत स्वच्छता व्यवस्था / Advanced sanitation system. Covered drains and arrangements for their cleaning show advanced civic sanitation. This was a major feature of Harappan planning.
Step 3
Exam Tip
ढकी हुई नालियां और उनकी सफाई की व्यवस्था उन्नत नागरिक स्वच्छता दिखाती हैं। यह हड़प्पाई नगर नियोजन की प्रमुख विशेषता थी।
D. अपशिष्ट जल को बाहर निकालना/To remove wastewater
Step 1
Concept
Wastewater from houses flowed through smaller drains into main drains. This helped maintain cleanliness in residential areas.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. अपशिष्ट जल को बाहर निकालना / To remove wastewater. Wastewater from houses flowed through smaller drains into main drains. This helped maintain cleanliness in residential areas.
Step 3
Exam Tip
घरों से निकलने वाला गंदा पानी छोटी नालियों से मुख्य नालियों तक पहुंचता था। इससे आवासीय क्षेत्रों की सफाई बनी रहती थी।
C. वह समुद्री मार्गों के निकट था/It was near maritime routes
Step 1
Concept
Lothal was located in Gujarat in an area suitable for maritime contacts. It became an important centre of trade and crafts.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. वह समुद्री मार्गों के निकट था / It was near maritime routes. Lothal was located in Gujarat in an area suitable for maritime contacts. It became an important centre of trade and crafts.
Step 3
Exam Tip
लोथल गुजरात में समुद्री संपर्क के अनुकूल क्षेत्र में स्थित था। इसलिए वह व्यापार और शिल्प का महत्वपूर्ण केंद्र बना।
Crossing furrow marks were found in a field at Kalibangan. They may indicate a method of growing different crops together.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. नियोजित कृषि / Planned agriculture. Crossing furrow marks were found in a field at Kalibangan. They may indicate a method of growing different crops together.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कालीबंगन के खेत में परस्पर काटती हल रेखाएं मिली हैं। वे एक साथ अलग फसलें उगाने की पद्धति का संकेत दे सकती हैं।
Sickle-like tools were probably used to harvest crops. Since direct evidence is limited archaeologists draw conclusions cautiously.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. धातु या पत्थर के हंसिए / Metal or stone sickles. Sickle-like tools were probably used to harvest crops. Since direct evidence is limited archaeologists draw conclusions cautiously.
Step 3
Exam Tip
फसल काटने के लिए हंसिए जैसे औजार उपयोग किए जाते होंगे। प्रत्यक्ष प्रमाण सीमित होने के कारण पुरातत्वविद् सावधानी से निष्कर्ष निकालते हैं।
Gold was rare and valuable so it was used for ornaments. Such objects may also indicate social differences.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. आभूषण बनाने के लिए / For making ornaments. Gold was rare and valuable so it was used for ornaments. Such objects may also indicate social differences.
Step 3
Exam Tip
सोना दुर्लभ और मूल्यवान था इसलिए उससे आभूषण बनाए जाते थे। ऐसी वस्तुएं सामाजिक भिन्नता का संकेत भी दे सकती हैं।
D. लोहे का सामान्य उपयोग नहीं था/Iron was not in common use
Step 1
Concept
The Harappan civilisation belonged to the Bronze Age and iron was not commonly used. Copper and bronze were major metals.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. लोहे का सामान्य उपयोग नहीं था / Iron was not in common use. The Harappan civilisation belonged to the Bronze Age and iron was not commonly used. Copper and bronze were major metals.
Step 3
Exam Tip
हड़प्पा सभ्यता कांस्य युगीन थी और लोहे का सामान्य उपयोग नहीं मिलता। तांबा और कांसा प्रमुख धातुएं थीं।
A. वस्तुओं की मात्रा मापने के लिए/To measure quantities of goods
Step 1
Concept
Standardised weights allowed accurate measurement of traded goods. This helped maintain consistency in exchange.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. वस्तुओं की मात्रा मापने के लिए / To measure quantities of goods. Standardised weights allowed accurate measurement of traded goods. This helped maintain consistency in exchange.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मानकीकृत बाट व्यापारिक वस्तुओं का सही मापन संभव बनाते थे। इससे विनिमय में समानता बनी रहती थी।
B. लिपि पढ़ना कठिन होता है/Deciphering the script becomes difficult
Step 1
Concept
Short inscriptions provide few repeated words and grammatical patterns. This makes identifying the language difficult.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. लिपि पढ़ना कठिन होता है / Deciphering the script becomes difficult. Short inscriptions provide few repeated words and grammatical patterns. This makes identifying the language difficult.
Step 3
Exam Tip
छोटे लेखों में शब्दों और व्याकरण के दोहराव कम मिलते हैं। इससे लिपि की भाषा पहचानना कठिन हो जाता है।
C. चित्र और चिह्न दोनों पहचान में उपयोगी रहे होंगे/Images and signs may both have aided identification
Step 1
Concept
Images and script on seals may have conveyed identity or symbolic messages. Their exact meaning is still uncertain.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. चित्र और चिह्न दोनों पहचान में उपयोगी रहे होंगे / Images and signs may both have aided identification. Images and script on seals may have conveyed identity or symbolic messages. Their exact meaning is still uncertain.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मुहरों पर चित्र और लिपि संभवतः पहचान या प्रतीकात्मक संदेश देते थे। उनका सही अर्थ अभी निश्चित नहीं है।
D. दुर्लभ वस्तुओं और बड़े मकानों का वितरण/Distribution of rare objects and large houses
Step 1
Concept
Unequal distribution of large houses and rare valuable objects may indicate social differences. Such conclusions remain probable rather than certain.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. दुर्लभ वस्तुओं और बड़े मकानों का वितरण / Distribution of rare objects and large houses. Unequal distribution of large houses and rare valuable objects may indicate social differences. Such conclusions remain probable rather than certain.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बड़े मकानों और दुर्लभ मूल्यवान वस्तुओं का असमान वितरण सामाजिक अंतर दिखा सकता है। यह निष्कर्ष संभावित होता है।
C. शासकों के बारे में स्पष्ट प्रमाण सीमित हैं/Clear evidence about rulers is limited
Step 1
Concept
The absence of huge royal tombs like those of Egypt makes Harappan rulers difficult to identify. It does not prove that government was absent.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. शासकों के बारे में स्पष्ट प्रमाण सीमित हैं / Clear evidence about rulers is limited. The absence of huge royal tombs like those of Egypt makes Harappan rulers difficult to identify. It does not prove that government was absent.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मिस्र जैसे विशाल राजकीय मकबरे न मिलने से हड़प्पाई शासकों की पहचान कठिन है। इससे शासन के अभाव का निश्चित निष्कर्ष नहीं निकलता।
D. व्यापक समन्वय या नियंत्रण/Wide coordination or control
Step 1
Concept
The use of standardised bricks and weights over a large region suggests some form of coordination. The exact nature of control is unknown.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. व्यापक समन्वय या नियंत्रण / Wide coordination or control. The use of standardised bricks and weights over a large region suggests some form of coordination. The exact nature of control is unknown.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मानकीकृत ईंटों और बाटों का बड़े क्षेत्र में उपयोग किसी प्रकार के समन्वय का संकेत देता है। नियंत्रण का सटीक स्वरूप ज्ञात नहीं है।
A. जल और कृषि संसाधनों की उपलब्धता घट सकती थी/Water and agricultural resources could decline
Step 1
Concept
A shifting river could affect water supply agriculture and settlements. It is one possible factor in the decline.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. जल और कृषि संसाधनों की उपलब्धता घट सकती थी / Water and agricultural resources could decline. A shifting river could affect water supply agriculture and settlements. It is one possible factor in the decline.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नदी का मार्ग बदलने से जल आपूर्ति खेती और बस्तियों पर प्रभाव पड़ सकता था। यह पतन के संभावित कारणों में से एक है।
B. लिपि अपठित है और साक्ष्य की अनेक व्याख्याएं संभव हैं/The script is undeciphered and evidence allows multiple interpretations
Step 1
Concept
The Harappan script is unread and material evidence does not always have a single meaning. Conclusions must therefore be evidence-based and cautious.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. लिपि अपठित है और साक्ष्य की अनेक व्याख्याएं संभव हैं / The script is undeciphered and evidence allows multiple interpretations. The Harappan script is unread and material evidence does not always have a single meaning. Conclusions must therefore be evidence-based and cautious.
Step 3
Exam Tip
हड़प्पा लिपि पढ़ी नहीं गई है और भौतिक साक्ष्य हमेशा एक ही अर्थ नहीं बताते। इसलिए निष्कर्ष प्रमाण आधारित और सावधान होने चाहिए।
