The archaeological context of an object includes its location and layer. Context helps explain its date and possible use.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. संदर्भ / Context. The archaeological context of an object includes its location and layer. Context helps explain its date and possible use.
Step 3
Exam Tip
किसी वस्तु का पुरातात्विक संदर्भ उसके स्थान और परत से जुड़ा होता है। संदर्भ से वस्तु के उपयोग और काल को समझने में मदद मिलती है।
Many Harappan house entrances opened into smaller lanes rather than main streets. This may have provided privacy.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. गलियों की ओर / Towards lanes. Many Harappan house entrances opened into smaller lanes rather than main streets. This may have provided privacy.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कई हड़प्पाई मकानों के प्रवेश द्वार मुख्य सड़कों के बजाय छोटी गलियों की ओर खुलते थे। इससे गोपनीयता बनी रहती थी।
Rooms in Harappan houses were often arranged around a central courtyard. The courtyard was a centre of household activities.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is D. आंगन / Courtyard. Rooms in Harappan houses were often arranged around a central courtyard. The courtyard was a centre of household activities.
Step 3
Exam Tip
हड़प्पाई मकानों में कमरे प्रायः केंद्रीय आंगन के चारों ओर बने होते थे। आंगन घरेलू गतिविधियों का केंद्र था।
Bathroom water flowed through small drains into the main street drains. This shows planned drainage.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. नालियों में / Into drains. Bathroom water flowed through small drains into the main street drains. This shows planned drainage.
Step 3
Exam Tip
स्नानघर का पानी छोटी नालियों से होकर सड़क की मुख्य नालियों में जाता था। यह नियोजित जल निकासी दिखाता है।
Wells and canal-like structures suggest possible irrigation in some areas. Methods likely varied across regions.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. कुएं और नहरें / Wells and canals. Wells and canal-like structures suggest possible irrigation in some areas. Methods likely varied across regions.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कुओं और कुछ क्षेत्रों में नहर जैसी संरचनाओं से सिंचाई की संभावना मानी जाती है। सभी क्षेत्रों में एक जैसी पद्धति नहीं थी।
Evidence of rice has been found at Lothal and Rangpur. Wheat and barley were nevertheless more common crops.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is C. लोथल और रंगपुर / Lothal and Rangpur. Evidence of rice has been found at Lothal and Rangpur. Wheat and barley were nevertheless more common crops.
Step 3
Exam Tip
लोथल और रंगपुर से चावल के प्रमाण मिले हैं। हालांकि गेहूं और जौ अधिक सामान्य फसलें थीं।
B. मछली भोजन का एक हिस्सा थी/Fish was part of the diet
Step 1
Concept
Fish bones show that some Harappan communities consumed fish. Diet varied according to region and available resources.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मछली भोजन का एक हिस्सा थी / Fish was part of the diet. Fish bones show that some Harappan communities consumed fish. Diet varied according to region and available resources.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मछली की हड्डियां बताती हैं कि कुछ हड़प्पाई समुदाय मछली खाते थे। आहार क्षेत्र और उपलब्ध संसाधनों के अनुसार बदलता था।
The Dancing Girl was made using the lost-wax casting technique. Molten metal replaces a wax model in this process.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. मोम खोया विधि / Lost-wax technique. The Dancing Girl was made using the lost-wax casting technique. Molten metal replaces a wax model in this process.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कांस्य नर्तकी मोम खोया ढलाई विधि से बनाई गई थी। इस तकनीक में मोम के मॉडल की जगह पिघली धातु भरी जाती है।
B. सोना और अर्धमूल्यवान पत्थर/Gold and semi-precious stones
Step 1
Concept
Harappan ornaments were made from gold copper shell and semi-precious stones. These materials reveal both craft skill and trade.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. सोना और अर्धमूल्यवान पत्थर / Gold and semi-precious stones. Harappan ornaments were made from gold copper shell and semi-precious stones. These materials reveal both craft skill and trade.
Step 3
Exam Tip
हड़प्पाई आभूषण सोने तांबे शंख और अर्धमूल्यवान पत्थरों से बनाए जाते थे। सामग्री से शिल्प और व्यापार दोनों की जानकारी मिलती है।
Harappan pottery was generally wheel-made and fired in kilns. Black painted designs were often added.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कुम्हार का चाक / Potter's wheel. Harappan pottery was generally wheel-made and fired in kilns. Black painted designs were often added.
Step 3
Exam Tip
हड़प्पाई बर्तन प्रायः कुम्हार के चाक पर बनाए और भट्ठी में पकाए जाते थे। उन पर काले रंग की आकृतियां भी बनाई जाती थीं।
Many Harappan seals show a one-horned imaginary animal called the unicorn. Its exact meaning remains uncertain.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. यूनिकॉर्न / Unicorn. Many Harappan seals show a one-horned imaginary animal called the unicorn. Its exact meaning remains uncertain.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कई हड़प्पाई मुहरों पर एक सींग वाला काल्पनिक पशु दिखता है जिसे यूनिकॉर्न कहा जाता है। इसका वास्तविक अर्थ निश्चित नहीं है।
The script and symbols on seals may have identified merchants goods or owners. This probably supported organised trade.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. पहचान और व्यापार / Identification and trade. The script and symbols on seals may have identified merchants goods or owners. This probably supported organised trade.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मुहर पर लिपि और प्रतीक व्यापारी वस्तु या स्वामी की पहचान में सहायक रहे होंगे। इससे व्यापार नियंत्रित होता होगा।
Ports along Gujarat and the Makran coast enabled trade with West Asia through the Arabian Sea. Lothal was an important centre.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अरब सागर मार्ग / Arabian Sea route. Ports along Gujarat and the Makran coast enabled trade with West Asia through the Arabian Sea. Lothal was an important centre.
Step 3
Exam Tip
गुजरात और मकरान तट के बंदरगाहों से अरब सागर के माध्यम से पश्चिम एशिया से व्यापार होता था। लोथल इसका महत्वपूर्ण केंद्र था।
B. मेसोपोटामिया में हड़प्पाई मुहरों की प्राप्ति/Discovery of Harappan seals in Mesopotamia
Step 1
Concept
Harappan seals and beads have been found in Mesopotamia. Records also mention imports from Meluhha.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. मेसोपोटामिया में हड़प्पाई मुहरों की प्राप्ति / Discovery of Harappan seals in Mesopotamia. Harappan seals and beads have been found in Mesopotamia. Records also mention imports from Meluhha.
Step 3
Exam Tip
मेसोपोटामिया में हड़प्पाई मुहरें और मनके मिले हैं। अभिलेखों में मेलुहा से आयात का भी उल्लेख मिलता है।
About four hundred distinct signs have been identified in the Harappan script. Some signs also have variants.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. लगभग चार सौ / About four hundred. About four hundred distinct signs have been identified in the Harappan script. Some signs also have variants.
Step 3
Exam Tip
हड़प्पाई लिपि में लगभग चार सौ अलग चिह्न पहचाने गए हैं। कुछ चिह्नों के रूपांतर भी मिलते हैं।
B. पुरानी व्याख्याओं को बदल या सुधार सकती हैं/They can change or improve earlier interpretations
Step 1
Concept
New objects and scientific analyses can modify earlier interpretations. Archaeological knowledge continues to develop with new evidence.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. पुरानी व्याख्याओं को बदल या सुधार सकती हैं / They can change or improve earlier interpretations. New objects and scientific analyses can modify earlier interpretations. Archaeological knowledge continues to develop with new evidence.
Step 3
Exam Tip
नई वस्तुएं और वैज्ञानिक जांच पुरानी व्याख्याओं को बदल सकती हैं। पुरातात्विक ज्ञान नए प्रमाणों के साथ विकसित होता रहता है।
Bangles made of shell clay and metal show developed ornament-making skills. Remember craft specialisation as a feature of the Harappan economy.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is B. आभूषण निर्माण / Ornament making. Bangles made of shell clay and metal show developed ornament-making skills. Remember craft specialisation as a feature of the Harappan economy.
Step 3
Exam Tip
शंख मिट्टी और धातु की चूड़ियां विकसित आभूषण निर्माण कला का प्रमाण हैं। परीक्षा में शिल्प विशेषज्ञता को हड़प्पाई अर्थव्यवस्था की विशेषता मानें।
