Class 12 Economics - National Income and Related Aggregates - Circular flow of income: two-sector model Hard Quiz

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एक ही वस्तु को कभी अंतिम और कभी मध्यवर्ती मानने का मुख्य आधार क्या है?

What is the main basis for treating the same good sometimes as final and sometimes as intermediate?

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Correct Answer

B. वस्तु का अंतिम उपयोगFinal use of the good

Step 1

Concept

Classification depends on the use of the good. In exams identify the buyer and purpose first.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. वस्तु का अंतिम उपयोग / Final use of the good. Classification depends on the use of the good. In exams identify the buyer and purpose first.

Step 3

Exam Tip

वर्गीकरण वस्तु के उपयोग पर निर्भर करता है। परीक्षा में खरीदार और उद्देश्य पहले पहचानें।

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एक बेकरी ने आटा खरीदकर केक बनाए और बेचे। बेकरी के लिए आटा किस प्रकार की वस्तु है?

A bakery bought flour to make cakes and sell them. For the bakery flour is which type of good?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुIntermediate good

Step 1

Concept

Flour is used in production and transformed into cakes. Such a good is treated as an intermediate good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. मध्यवर्ती वस्तु / Intermediate good. Flour is used in production and transformed into cakes. Such a good is treated as an intermediate good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

आटा उत्पादन में प्रयोग होकर केक में बदल गया। ऐसी वस्तु को मध्यवर्ती वस्तु माना जाता है।

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यदि वही आटा एक परिवार ने घर में रोटी बनाने के लिए खरीदा तो वह किस वर्ग में आएगा?

If the same flour is bought by a household to make bread at home, how will it be classified?

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Correct Answer

B. अंतिम उपभोग वस्तुFinal consumption good

Step 1

Concept

The household bought flour for direct consumption. Therefore it is a final consumption good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. अंतिम उपभोग वस्तु / Final consumption good. The household bought flour for direct consumption. Therefore it is a final consumption good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

परिवार ने आटा सीधे उपभोग के लिए खरीदा है। इसलिए यह अंतिम उपभोग वस्तु है।

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राष्ट्रीय आय में मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का मूल्य सीधे क्यों नहीं जोड़ा जाता?

Why is the value of intermediate goods not directly added in national income?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

C. दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिएTo avoid double counting

Step 1

Concept

The value of intermediate goods is included in the value of final goods. Adding it separately causes double counting.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is C. दोहरी गणना से बचने के लिए / To avoid double counting. The value of intermediate goods is included in the value of final goods. Adding it separately causes double counting.

Step 3

Exam Tip

मध्यवर्ती वस्तुओं का मूल्य अंतिम वस्तुओं के मूल्य में शामिल हो जाता है। इसलिए अलग से जोड़ने पर दोहरी गणना होगी।

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कारखाने द्वारा खरीदी गई नई मशीन को अंतिम वस्तु क्यों माना जाता है?

Why is a new machine purchased by a factory treated as a final good?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. क्योंकि वह उत्पादन में बार बार प्रयोग होती हैBecause it is used repeatedly in production

Step 1

Concept

A machine helps production but is not used up in one act. Therefore it is a final capital good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. क्योंकि वह उत्पादन में बार बार प्रयोग होती है / Because it is used repeatedly in production. A machine helps production but is not used up in one act. Therefore it is a final capital good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

मशीन उत्पादन में सहायक होती है पर एक ही बार में समाप्त नहीं होती। इसलिए यह अंतिम पूंजीगत वस्तु है।

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एक व्यापारी ने पुनर्विक्रय के लिए तैयार मोबाइल फोन खरीदे। व्यापारी के लिए ये फोन क्या हैं?

A trader bought finished mobile phones for resale. For the trader these phones are what?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुIntermediate goods

Step 1

Concept

Goods bought for resale have not reached final use. For the trader they are treated as intermediate goods.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. मध्यवर्ती वस्तु / Intermediate goods. Goods bought for resale have not reached final use. For the trader they are treated as intermediate goods.

Step 3

Exam Tip

पुनर्विक्रय के लिए खरीदी वस्तु अंतिम उपयोग में नहीं गई। व्यापार के लिए यह मध्यवर्ती वस्तु मानी जाती है।

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निम्न में से कौन सा कथन पूंजीगत वस्तुओं के बारे में सबसे सही है?

Which statement is most correct about capital goods?

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Correct Answer

B. वे उत्पादन क्षमता बढ़ाती हैं और कई अवधियों तक सेवा देती हैंThey raise productive capacity and serve for many periods

Step 1

Concept

Capital goods provide long-term help in production. In exams identify durable means of production.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. वे उत्पादन क्षमता बढ़ाती हैं और कई अवधियों तक सेवा देती हैं / They raise productive capacity and serve for many periods. Capital goods provide long-term help in production. In exams identify durable means of production.

Step 3

Exam Tip

पूंजीगत वस्तुएं उत्पादन में दीर्घकालिक सहायता करती हैं। परीक्षा में टिकाऊ उत्पादन साधन को पहचानें।

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एक छात्र ने निजी पढ़ाई के लिए लैपटॉप खरीदा। राष्ट्रीय आय की दृष्टि से यह क्या है?

A student bought a laptop for personal study. From national income viewpoint what is it?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. अंतिम उपभोग वस्तुFinal consumption good

Step 1

Concept

Here the laptop is for personal use by the household sector. Hence it is a final consumption good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. अंतिम उपभोग वस्तु / Final consumption good. Here the laptop is for personal use by the household sector. Hence it is a final consumption good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

लैपटॉप यहां परिवार क्षेत्र के निजी उपयोग के लिए है। इसलिए यह अंतिम उपभोग वस्तु है।

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दूध डेयरी दुकान ने दही बनाकर बेचने के लिए खरीदा। यह दूध किस श्रेणी में आएगा?

A dairy shop bought milk to make curd and sell it. How will this milk be classified?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुIntermediate good

Step 1

Concept

Milk is an input for further production. Hence it is an intermediate good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. मध्यवर्ती वस्तु / Intermediate good. Milk is an input for further production. Hence it is an intermediate good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

दूध आगे उत्पादन के लिए इनपुट है। इसलिए यह मध्यवर्ती वस्तु है।

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स्टील कारखाने ने लौह अयस्क खरीदा। लौह अयस्क किस श्रेणी में आएगा?

A steel factory bought iron ore. Iron ore will fall in which category?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. मध्यवर्ती वस्तुIntermediate good

Step 1

Concept

Iron ore is an input for making steel. Therefore it is an intermediate good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. मध्यवर्ती वस्तु / Intermediate good. Iron ore is an input for making steel. Therefore it is an intermediate good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

लौह अयस्क स्टील बनाने का इनपुट है। इसलिए यह मध्यवर्ती वस्तु है।

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परिवार द्वारा घर में उपयोग की गई बिजली किस प्रकार की वस्तु या सेवा के रूप में देखी जाएगी?

Electricity used by a household at home will be viewed as what type of good or service?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. अंतिम उपभोग सेवाFinal consumption service

Step 1

Concept

Electricity at home is direct consumption. Therefore it is treated as a final consumption service.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. अंतिम उपभोग सेवा / Final consumption service. Electricity at home is direct consumption. Therefore it is treated as a final consumption service.

Step 3

Exam Tip

घर की बिजली सीधा उपभोग है। इसलिए इसे अंतिम उपभोग सेवा माना जाता है।

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एक उत्पादक के पास वर्ष के अंत में बिना बिके तैयार माल बच गया। राष्ट्रीय आय में इसे कैसे देखा जाता है?

Finished goods remained unsold with a producer at the end of the year. How is this viewed in national income?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. भंडार में वृद्धि के रूप में अंतिम उत्पादनFinal output as increase in stock

Step 1

Concept

Unsold finished goods are still current year output. They are treated as final output through inventory investment.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. भंडार में वृद्धि के रूप में अंतिम उत्पादन / Final output as increase in stock. Unsold finished goods are still current year output. They are treated as final output through inventory investment.

Step 3

Exam Tip

बिना बिके तैयार माल भी चालू वर्ष का उत्पादन है। इसे भंडार निवेश के रूप में अंतिम उत्पादन माना जाता है।

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अर्धनिर्मित वस्तुएं जो वर्ष के अंत में उत्पादन इकाई के पास पड़ी हैं उन्हें कैसे माना जाता है?

How are semi-finished goods lying with a producing unit at year end treated?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. भंडार परिवर्तन का भागPart of change in inventories

Step 1

Concept

Work-in-progress can be inventory of current production. Hence its value is included in change in inventories.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. भंडार परिवर्तन का भाग / Part of change in inventories. Work-in-progress can be inventory of current production. Hence its value is included in change in inventories.

Step 3

Exam Tip

अधूरा माल भी चालू उत्पादन का भंडार हो सकता है। इसलिए भंडार परिवर्तन में उसका मूल्य जोड़ा जाता है।

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अंतिम वस्तुओं में पूंजीगत वस्तुओं को शामिल करने का कारण क्या है?

Why are capital goods included among final goods?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. वे आगे उत्पादन के लिए बार बार सेवा देती हैं पर उसी अवधि में पूरी तरह खर्च नहीं होतींThey repeatedly serve production but are not fully used up in the same period

Step 1

Concept

A capital good serves future production. Its value is counted as final investment.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. वे आगे उत्पादन के लिए बार बार सेवा देती हैं पर उसी अवधि में पूरी तरह खर्च नहीं होतीं / They repeatedly serve production but are not fully used up in the same period. A capital good serves future production. Its value is counted as final investment.

Step 3

Exam Tip

पूंजीगत वस्तु भविष्य के उत्पादन में सेवा देती है। उसका मूल्य अंतिम निवेश के रूप में गिना जाता है।

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मूल्य वर्धित विधि में मध्यवर्ती उपभोग घटाने का उद्देश्य क्या है?

What is the purpose of deducting intermediate consumption in the value added method?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

B. सिर्फ नई जोड़ी गई कीमत मापनाTo measure only newly added value

Step 1

Concept

The value added method measures only the value added by the producer. Therefore intermediate consumption is deducted.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is B. सिर्फ नई जोड़ी गई कीमत मापना / To measure only newly added value. The value added method measures only the value added by the producer. Therefore intermediate consumption is deducted.

Step 3

Exam Tip

मूल्य वर्धित विधि केवल उत्पादक द्वारा जोड़े गए मूल्य को मापती है। इसलिए मध्यवर्ती उपभोग घटाया जाता है।

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एक अस्पताल ने एक्स रे मशीन खरीदी जो कई वर्षों तक रोगियों की जांच में प्रयोग होगी। यह किस प्रकार की वस्तु है?

A hospital bought an X-ray machine that will be used for patient diagnosis for many years. What type of good is it?

Explanation opens after your attempt
Correct Answer

A. अंतिम पूंजीगत वस्तुFinal capital good

Step 1

Concept

An X-ray machine is used for producing medical services over many years. Therefore it is a final capital good.

Step 2

Why this answer is correct

The correct answer is A. अंतिम पूंजीगत वस्तु / Final capital good. An X-ray machine is used for producing medical services over many years. Therefore it is a final capital good.

Step 3

Exam Tip

एक्स रे मशीन सेवा उत्पादन में लंबे समय तक उपयोग होती है। इसलिए यह अंतिम पूंजीगत वस्तु है।

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