Hardware vs. Software basics.

The kernel is the main part of an operating system that controls resources. For exams treat it as the central link between hardware and software.

A driver helps external control while firmware gives basic control inside the device. For exams identify them by location and role.

When permission is off the app cannot use the camera hardware. For exams connect permissions with software control.

UEFI and BIOS are firmware that help start a computer. For exams do not treat them as normal apps.

Hard disk detection can fail due to connection or software driver. For exams check both hardware and software in mixed issues.

Virtual memory uses storage as support when RAM is limited. For exams do not treat it as a full replacement for physical RAM.

Document is data word processor is software and keyboard is hardware. For exams distinguish content program and device.

Heavy software like video editing needs enough RAM and processor power. For exams connect performance with resource capacity.

Print spooler is a software service that organizes print jobs. For exams remember both driver and spooler in printing.

Print queue is handled by a software service. For exams do not assume every output issue is only hardware.

Through a system call an application can use operating system services. For exams understand the relation between application and system.

The operating system allocates resources like CPU and memory among programs. For exams treat it as a major work of system software.

Operating system and drivers hide hardware details and give simple service. For exams treat it as a system that makes use easier.

A browser is not network hardware but application software for web use. For exams identify similar terms by their work.

Router is hardware but its settings are changed through a software interface. For exams distinguish device and control panel.

License relates to permission and terms for using software. For exams separate license from hardware warranty.

Warranty relates to service terms of a device while license tells usage rights of a program. For exams keep both separate.

Some apps require a specific operating system version. For exams check version and platform in compatibility questions.

In hardware compatibility port size and support are important. For exams pay attention to connector and driver.

Virus definition update helps antivirus detect new harmful code. For exams understand it as security software maintenance.

Malware is a software cause and faulty RAM is a hardware cause but symptoms may overlap. For exams testing is needed to find the cause.

In an embedded system hardware and software are linked for a specific task. For exams use controllers in home appliances as examples.

A file system is a software structure for organizing data on storage. For exams connect file management with operating system.

If the file system is damaged access may fail even when data exists in storage. For exams separate storage and file system.

Cloud app is software and data may be on a remote server. For exams separate service device and data location.