Environmental Pollution

Correct answer: D. Fair distribution of environmental benefits and risks

Environmental justice examines whether environmental benefits and burdens are distributed fairly among different social groups and places. Benefits may include clean air, safe water, parks, sanitation, and healthy surroundings. Burdens may include polluted industries, waste facilities, traffic emissions, or exposure to hazards. Option D is correct because justice concerns distribution, participation, recognition, and fair decision-making. Counting forests or measuring pollution can provide useful evidence, but neither activity alone answers who receives benefits, who bears risks, who has political voice, or whether vulnerable groups are treated fairly.

Correct answer: A. Wildlife habitats, drainage, and local communities

A road is not only a strip of pavement; its construction and use can alter several connected environmental and social systems. An assessment should examine wildlife habitats and migration routes, vegetation clearance, drainage and flood patterns, soil erosion, noise and air pollution, land acquisition, safety, and effects on local communities. Option A is correct because it includes three essential dimensions: ecological habitat, water movement, and human well-being. Options B, C, and D focus on isolated design or administrative details and cannot measure the project’s environmental consequences. A sound EIA also considers alternatives, mitigation, monitoring, and public consultation.

Correct answer: A. Air pollution and uncontrolled urban expansion

Option A is correct. Vegetation in a green belt can trap some dust and absorb certain pollutants, helping improve local air quality. When protected as part of urban planning, a green belt can also limit outward development and help contain urban sprawl. It cannot control tides, prevent earthquakes, or stop underground minerals from being depleted.

Correct answer: D. Some households may leave despite employment opportunities

Correct answer: D. Mining jobs may attract people, but severe pollution and health risks can make an area less safe and less desirable to live in. Some households may therefore move away even while employment remains available. The outcome is possible, not inevitable, because households weigh both opportunities and risks.