Realisation Account

The profit or loss on realisation is transferred to the partners’ capital accounts in their profit-sharing ratio. Applying the wrong ratio gives incorrect individual capital balances and may therefore lead to incorrect settlement amounts, even though the total profit or loss remains unchanged.

When an unrecorded asset is sold, the proceeds are credited to the Realisation Account, increasing profit. When an unrecorded liability is paid, the payment is debited to the Realisation Account, reducing profit. Since the two amounts are equal, the increase and decrease cancel each other, resulting in no net effect. Exam tip: this conclusion is valid only when the asset proceeds and liability payment are equal.

When a contingent liability crystallises and is paid, the amount paid is debited to the Realisation Account, increasing the loss. If this entry is omitted, the loss is understated and the profit of the Realisation Account is overstated. Therefore, option B is incorrect because the profit does not decrease; it increases artificially. Exam tip: A contingent liability affects the Realisation Account when it crystallises or is settled; a merely potential liability has no immediate accounting effect.

When a partner takes over an asset on dissolution, the agreed takeover value is credited to the Realisation Account. A higher agreed value therefore increases the Realisation profit or reduces the Realisation loss. This profit is distributed among the partners in their profit-sharing ratio. It is incorrect to use the market value automatically, because the agreed value is recorded in the books. Exam tip: An asset taken over by a partner is credited to the Realisation Account at the agreed value.

Bank overdraft is an external liability. Normally, it is transferred to the credit side of the Realisation Account, while its settlement is recorded on the debit side. If the liability is omitted from the credit side but its payment is recorded on the debit side, the debit balance increases and the realisation loss is overstated. Therefore, option A is incorrect. Exam tip: Transfer liabilities such as bank overdraft to the Realisation Account before recording their settlement.

Selling an asset below its book value creates a loss in the Realisation Account. Therefore, the realisation profit decreases, or the realisation loss increases. The sale of an asset does not automatically increase the firm's liabilities. Exam tip: Sale below book value means a realisation loss.

When a partner pays the firm’s liability from personal funds, the partner bears the obligation instead of the firm. Therefore, the Realisation Account is debited and the partner’s Capital Account is credited: Realisation A/c Dr. To Partner’s Capital A/c. Option B would apply when the firm pays through its own bank account. Exam tip: When a partner takes over or settles a firm liability personally, credit that partner’s Capital Account.

Showing an unrecorded asset at zero value creates neither a credit nor a debit in the Realisation Account, so the profit remains unchanged. Profit would increase only when the asset is actually sold and the sale proceeds are credited to the Realisation Account. Exam tip: Record an unrecorded asset only when it is realised or taken over by a partner.

When a liability is transferred to the Realisation Account, it is recorded on the credit side. Therefore, transferring the same liability twice increases the credit total and causes the profit on realisation to be overstated. This is different from recording the payment of the liability twice, which would increase the loss. Exam tip: transfer of a liability is credited to the Realisation Account, while its settlement is debited.

When a partner takes over an asset, the correct entry is to debit the partner’s Capital Account and credit the Realisation Account. If this entry is omitted, the value of the asset taken over is not deducted from the partner’s capital, so the capital balance is overstated. The missing credit to the Realisation Account also understates the realisation profit or overstates the realisation loss. Option B states the reverse effect. Exam tip: For an asset taken over by a partner, remember—Partner’s Capital Dr. and Realisation Cr.

Expenses related to dissolution are debited to the Realisation Account. If they are omitted, the debit side is understated, causing the profit to be overstated or the loss to be understated. Therefore, option A is correct; option B states the opposite effect. Exam tip: omission of a realisation expense makes the reported realisation result appear more favourable.

On dissolution, assets are debited to the Realisation Account at their book value, while the actual proceeds are credited. If the book value is overstated and the realisation proceeds remain unchanged, the debit exceeds the credit by a larger amount, increasing the realisation loss and thereby reducing profit. Liabilities do not increase as a direct result of this overstatement. Exam tip: Overstated asset values lead to a greater realisation loss when actual proceeds are unchanged.

The Realisation Account records the transfer of assets, settlement of liabilities, realisation proceeds, realisation expenses, and the resulting profit or loss. An incorrect final balance generally means that an item was omitted, an amount was recorded incorrectly, an entry was posted on the wrong side, or a calculation error was made. Hence, option A is correct. Option D concerns only cash receipts and cannot establish that the entire Realisation Account is correct. In an examination, verify all assets, liabilities, proceeds, expenses, and the transfer of the resulting profit or loss before balancing the account.

When a partner takes over an asset below its book value, the Realisation Account is credited with the agreed takeover value, while the asset is transferred at its higher book value. The difference creates an additional loss, reducing the profit of the Realisation Account or increasing its loss. Therefore, option B is correct. Exam tip: Compare the takeover value with the book value—below book value means a loss, while above book value means a profit.

The amount realised from an unrecorded asset is credited to the Realisation Account, giving a credit of ₹12,000. Payment of an unrecorded liability is debited to this account, giving a debit of ₹8,000. Therefore, the net credit effect is ₹12,000 − ₹8,000 = ₹4,000, representing a profit. Exam tip: realise an unrecorded asset on the credit side and pay an unrecorded liability on the debit side of the Realisation Account.

Bank charges incurred during dissolution are realisation expenses and are debited to the Realisation Account. If the amount is recorded incorrectly, the balance of the Realisation Account changes, causing the profit or loss on realisation to be misstated. It does not increase the value of assets or automatically increase partners’ capital. Exam tip: Debit every realisation expense to the Realisation Account and credit Bank.

When an asset is transferred to a creditor to settle a liability, the asset is removed from the firm’s books; therefore, the balance of the asset account decreases. The related liability is also extinguished, but the asset account does not increase or remain unaffected. Exam tip: Whenever an asset is transferred or realised during dissolution, its balance is written off from the books.

When a partner takes over an asset at dissolution, his Capital Account is debited with the agreed value of the asset and the Realisation Account is credited. If that value exceeds the credit available in his Capital Account, the excess creates a debit balance in his account. Therefore, option A is correct. Option B is incorrect because the partner’s Capital Account is debited, not credited, when he takes over an asset. Exam tip: remember the entry—Partner’s Capital A/c Dr. To Realisation A/c.

Realisation profit or loss is transferred to the partners’ capital accounts in their profit-sharing ratio. If the distribution is made in the wrong ratio, the total profit may still be correct, but each partner’s capital account will show an incorrect balance, which can also lead to incorrect final settlements. The realisation entries themselves remain correct; the error is in the adjustment of the capital accounts. Exam tip: transfer realisation profit or loss to partners’ capital accounts in the profit-sharing ratio.

The asset is debited to the Realisation Account at its book value, but no realisation proceeds are received because its realisable value is zero. This increases the loss in the Realisation Account and therefore reduces the firm’s profit. Hence, option B is correct. Exam tip: Compare the asset’s book value with the actual amount realised to determine the realisation profit or loss.

Realisation-related expenses are debited to the Realisation Account. Debiting the same expense twice increases the total debit and therefore increases the loss shown by the account. Profit cannot increase because an additional debit reduces the result. Exam tip: expenses are debited to the Realisation Account, while proceeds from the sale of assets are credited to it.

When an unrecorded liability is paid, the Realisation Account is normally debited because it is an obligation of the firm. If its amount is wrongly credited to the account and treated as profit, the credit side is overstated and the Realisation Profit becomes higher than the actual profit. Hence, option A is correct; option B states the opposite effect. Exam tip: remember that payment of an unrecorded liability is debited to the Realisation Account.

When all transactions are recorded in the correct accounts with the correct amounts, but an error occurs in addition or subtraction, it is called an arithmetic error. Therefore, option A is correct. It is not an error of principle because no accounting principle has been violated. Exam tip: an incorrect total, addition, subtraction or calculation generally indicates an arithmetic error.

The payment made to settle a liability is debited to the Realisation Account. If the payment is recorded at a lower amount, the debit to the account is understated and the expense is shown as lower. Consequently, the realisation profit is overstated, or the realisation loss is understated; therefore, option A is correct. Option B states the opposite effect. Exam tip: Record payments made for liabilities on the debit side of the Realisation Account.

Since no asset account exists for an unrecorded asset, there is no book value to transfer to the Realisation Account. The cash or bank received is debited, and the Realisation Account is credited: Cash/Bank Account Dr. To Realisation Account. As the asset had no recorded book value, the entire sale proceeds are treated as a realisation profit. Option B is incorrect because the sale must still be recorded. Exam tip: For the sale of an unrecorded asset, record only the proceeds; do not transfer the asset to the Realisation Account.