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A. अधिक transformants मिल सकते हैं/More transformants can be obtained
Step 1
Concept
High-efficiency cells can give more colonies even with low DNA. This is useful in library construction.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अधिक transformants मिल सकते हैं / More transformants can be obtained. High-efficiency cells can give more colonies even with low DNA. This is useful in library construction.
Step 3
Exam Tip
High efficiency cells कम डीएनए से भी अधिक colonies दे सकती हैं। यह library construction में उपयोगी है।
A. अलग-अलग DNA fragments वाले vectors maintain करना/Maintaining vectors with different DNA fragments
Step 1
Concept
In a library many DNA fragments are cloned into vectors. A competent host helps take up and maintain them.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. अलग-अलग DNA fragments वाले vectors maintain करना / Maintaining vectors with different DNA fragments. In a library many DNA fragments are cloned into vectors. A competent host helps take up and maintain them.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Library में अनेक DNA fragments vectors में clone होते हैं। Competent host उन्हें uptake और maintain करने में मदद करता है।
A. कुछ desired clones छूट सकते हैं/Some desired clones may be missed
Step 1
Concept
With low efficiency all fragments may not transform. This can make the library incomplete.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कुछ desired clones छूट सकते हैं / Some desired clones may be missed. With low efficiency all fragments may not transform. This can make the library incomplete.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Low efficiency से सभी fragments transform नहीं हो पाते। इससे library incomplete हो सकती है।
A. Genome fragments वाले vectors रखने के लिए/To keep vectors carrying genome fragments
Step 1
Concept
In a genomic library genome fragments are kept in vectors. A competent host maintains these recombinant vectors.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Genome fragments वाले vectors रखने के लिए / To keep vectors carrying genome fragments. In a genomic library genome fragments are kept in vectors. A competent host maintains these recombinant vectors.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Genomic library में genome fragments vectors में रखे जाते हैं। Competent host इन recombinant vectors को maintain करता है।
cDNA fragments are cloned into vectors. The competent host maintains those recombinant vectors.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. cDNA-containing recombinant vectors. cDNA fragments are cloned into vectors. The competent host maintains those recombinant vectors.
Step 3
Exam Tip
cDNA fragments vectors में clone किए जाते हैं। Competent host उन recombinant vectors को maintain करता है।
A. Desired clone पहचानना/Identifying the desired clone
Step 1
Concept
A library has many clones. Screening finds the clone carrying the desired gene.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Desired clone पहचानना / Identifying the desired clone. A library has many clones. Screening finds the clone carrying the desired gene.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Library में अनेक clones होते हैं। Screening desired gene वाले clone को खोजती है।
A. Selected colony में insert check करने के लिए/To check insert in a selected colony
Step 1
Concept
Colony PCR gives a quick indication of insert presence. Sequencing can be useful for final confirmation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Selected colony में insert check करने के लिए / To check insert in a selected colony. Colony PCR gives a quick indication of insert presence. Sequencing can be useful for final confirmation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Colony PCR insert presence का quick संकेत देता है। Final confirmation के लिए sequencing उपयोगी हो सकती है।
A. Original colonies को सुरक्षित reference रखना/To keep original colonies as a safe reference
Step 1
Concept
A desired colony can be picked again from the master plate later. The original clone stays safe during screening.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Original colonies को सुरक्षित reference रखना / To keep original colonies as a safe reference. A desired colony can be picked again from the master plate later. The original clone stays safe during screening.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Master plate से desired colony बाद में फिर pick की जा सकती है। Screening के दौरान original clone सुरक्षित रहता है।
A. Same colony pattern को नई plates पर transfer करना/Transferring same colony pattern to new plates
Step 1
Concept
Replica plating allows testing on different plates while preserving colony identity. It is useful in screening.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Same colony pattern को नई plates पर transfer करना / Transferring same colony pattern to new plates. Replica plating allows testing on different plates while preserving colony identity. It is useful in screening.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Replica plating colony identity बनाए रखते हुए अलग plates पर testing की सुविधा देती है। यह screening में उपयोगी है।
A. Pure clone culture प्राप्त करना/To obtain a pure clone culture
Step 1
Concept
A population of one clone can be grown from a single colony. This makes analysis more reliable.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Pure clone culture प्राप्त करना / To obtain a pure clone culture. A population of one clone can be grown from a single colony. This makes analysis more reliable.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Single colony से एक clone की population बढ़ाई जा सकती है। इससे analysis अधिक reliable होता है।
A. गलत plasmid analysis मिल सकता है/Wrong plasmid analysis may result
Step 1
Concept
Mixed colonies may contain different clones. This can make plasmid results confusing.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. गलत plasmid analysis मिल सकता है / Wrong plasmid analysis may result. Mixed colonies may contain different clones. This can make plasmid results confusing.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Mixed colonies में अलग clones हो सकते हैं। इससे plasmid result confusing हो सकता है।
A. Isolated colonies पाने के लिए/To obtain isolated colonies
Step 1
Concept
Streaking helps obtain separate colonies from a dense culture. It is useful in pure clone selection.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Isolated colonies पाने के लिए / To obtain isolated colonies. Streaking helps obtain separate colonies from a dense culture. It is useful in pure clone selection.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Streaking dense culture से अलग colonies प्राप्त करने में मदद करता है। Pure clone selection में यह useful है।
A. Restriction digestion या sequencing/Restriction digestion or sequencing
Step 1
Concept
Miniprep gives plasmid DNA. Then the clone is verified by restriction digestion or sequencing.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Restriction digestion या sequencing / Restriction digestion or sequencing. Miniprep gives plasmid DNA. Then the clone is verified by restriction digestion or sequencing.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Miniprep plasmid DNA देता है। फिर restriction digestion या sequencing से clone verify किया जाता है।
A. Correct clone हो सकता है/It may be the correct clone
Step 1
Concept
Expected bands can match the vector map and insert size. This indicates a correct clone.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Correct clone हो सकता है / It may be the correct clone. Expected bands can match the vector map and insert size. This indicates a correct clone.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Expected bands vector map और insert size से match कर सकते हैं। यह correct clone का संकेत है।
A. Wrong clone या rearrangement/Wrong clone or rearrangement
Step 1
Concept
A wrong pattern can indicate insert absence wrong orientation or rearrangement. Do further confirmation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Wrong clone या rearrangement / Wrong clone or rearrangement. A wrong pattern can indicate insert absence wrong orientation or rearrangement. Do further confirmation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Wrong pattern insert absence wrong orientation या rearrangement का संकेत हो सकता है। Further confirmation करें।
A. Insert की exact sequence बता सकती है/It can tell the exact insert sequence
Step 1
Concept
Sequencing can show insert identity and mutation status. Therefore it is reliable confirmation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert की exact sequence बता सकती है / It can tell the exact insert sequence. Sequencing can show insert identity and mutation status. Therefore it is reliable confirmation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Sequencing insert identity और mutation status दिखा सकती है। इसलिए यह reliable confirmation है।
A. Desired gene function सही रखने के लिए/To keep desired gene function correct
Step 1
Concept
A mutation can change gene function or protein product. Therefore sequencing confirmation is useful.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Desired gene function सही रखने के लिए / To keep desired gene function correct. A mutation can change gene function or protein product. Therefore sequencing confirmation is useful.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Mutation gene function या protein product बदल सकती है। इसलिए sequencing confirmation उपयोगी है।
A. Insert या vector sequence बदल सकती है/It can change insert or vector sequence
Step 1
Concept
A mutation can change the clone sequence. The final construct must be verified.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert या vector sequence बदल सकती है / It can change insert or vector sequence. A mutation can change the clone sequence. The final construct must be verified.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Mutation clone की sequence बदल सकती है। Final construct को verify करना जरूरी है।
A. Insert rearrangement हो सकता है/Insert rearrangement can occur
Step 1
Concept
Unwanted recombination can change cloned DNA. A recombination-deficient host helps stability.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Insert rearrangement हो सकता है / Insert rearrangement can occur. Unwanted recombination can change cloned DNA. A recombination-deficient host helps stability.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Unwanted recombination cloned DNA को बदल सकती है। Recombination-deficient host stability में मदद करता है।
A. Recombination से rearrangement/Rearrangement by recombination
Step 1
Concept
Repeated sequences can be recombination-prone. Therefore a suitable host strain is important.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Recombination से rearrangement / Rearrangement by recombination. Repeated sequences can be recombination-prone. Therefore a suitable host strain is important.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Repeated sequences recombination-prone हो सकती हैं। इसलिए suitable host strain जरूरी है।
A. Low-copy vector या controlled expression/Low-copy vector or controlled expression
Step 1
Concept
A toxic insert can reduce host growth. Low-copy or controlled expression can reduce burden.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Low-copy vector या controlled expression / Low-copy vector or controlled expression. A toxic insert can reduce host growth. Low-copy or controlled expression can reduce burden.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Toxic insert host growth घटा सकता है। Low-copy या controlled expression burden कम कर सकते हैं।
A. बिना inducer के भी toxic protein बन सकता है/Toxic protein can be made even without inducer
Step 1
Concept
Leaky expression can harm the host. Tight promoter control is useful for toxic genes.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. बिना inducer के भी toxic protein बन सकता है / Toxic protein can be made even without inducer. Leaky expression can harm the host. Tight promoter control is useful for toxic genes.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Leaky expression host को नुकसान पहुँचा सकता है। Tight promoter control toxic genes में उपयोगी है।
A. Gene expression regulate करने के लिए/To regulate gene expression
Step 1
Concept
Promoter control manages expression of high-burden or toxic genes. It is part of expression design.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Gene expression regulate करने के लिए / To regulate gene expression. Promoter control manages expression of high-burden or toxic genes. It is part of expression design.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Promoter control high-burden या toxic genes की expression manage करता है। यह expression design का भाग है।
A. Cells sufficient growth के बाद expression शुरू करें/Cells start expression after sufficient growth
Step 1
Concept
Very early induction can reduce growth. Proper timing helps protein yield and cell health.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Cells sufficient growth के बाद expression शुरू करें / Cells start expression after sufficient growth. Very early induction can reduce growth. Proper timing helps protein yield and cell health.
Step 3
Exam Tip
बहुत जल्दी induction growth घटा सकती है। सही timing protein yield और cell health में मदद करती है।
A. Protein solubility और folding सुधारने में/In improving protein solubility and folding
Step 1
Concept
Lower temperature helps some proteins fold better. This can reduce insoluble aggregates.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Protein solubility और folding सुधारने में / In improving protein solubility and folding. Lower temperature helps some proteins fold better. This can reduce insoluble aggregates.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कम temperature कुछ proteins को बेहतर fold होने में मदद करता है। इससे insoluble aggregates कम हो सकते हैं।
A. कुछ proteins की folding में मदद कर सकता है/It can help folding of some proteins
Step 1
Concept
The periplasm environment can help folding of some proteins. It is a bacterial expression strategy.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. कुछ proteins की folding में मदद कर सकता है / It can help folding of some proteins. The periplasm environment can help folding of some proteins. It is a bacterial expression strategy.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Periplasm का environment कुछ proteins के folding में मदद कर सकता है। यह bacterial expression strategy है।
A. Protein को specific location या medium में भेजने के लिए/To send protein to a specific location or medium
Step 1
Concept
A secretion signal helps protein targeting. This can benefit purification or folding.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Protein को specific location या medium में भेजने के लिए / To send protein to a specific location or medium. A secretion signal helps protein targeting. This can benefit purification or folding.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Secretion signal protein targeting में मदद करता है। इससे purification या folding में लाभ मिल सकता है।
A. Recombinant protein degrade कर सकती है/It can degrade recombinant protein
Step 1
Concept
Proteases can break down expressed protein. A protease-deficient host helps protect yield.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Recombinant protein degrade कर सकती है / It can degrade recombinant protein. Proteases can break down expressed protein. A protease-deficient host helps protect yield.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Proteases expressed protein को तोड़ सकते हैं। Protease-deficient host yield बचाने में मदद करता है।
Proteins with disulfide bonds need a proper folding environment. A suitable host compartment or strain can help.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Proper folding environment. Proteins with disulfide bonds need a proper folding environment. A suitable host compartment or strain can help.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Disulfide bonds वाली proteins को सही folding environment चाहिए। Suitable host compartment या strain मदद कर सकता है।
A. Lower temperature या chaperone support/Lower temperature or chaperone support
Step 1
Concept
Lower temperature and chaperones can help folding. This can improve soluble protein yield.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Lower temperature या chaperone support / Lower temperature or chaperone support. Lower temperature and chaperones can help folding. This can improve soluble protein yield.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Lower temperature और chaperones folding में मदद कर सकते हैं। इससे soluble protein yield बेहतर हो सकती है।
A. Live cells inactivate करने के लिए/To inactivate live cells
Step 1
Concept
Autoclaving can inactivate live microbes in biological waste. It is a common biosafety disposal method.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Live cells inactivate करने के लिए / To inactivate live cells. Autoclaving can inactivate live microbes in biological waste. It is a common biosafety disposal method.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Autoclaving biological waste में live microbes को inactivate कर सकता है। यह biosafety disposal का common तरीका है।
A. Modified cells के accidental spread को रोकने के लिए/To prevent accidental spread of modified cells
Step 1
Concept
Spills should be managed by biosafety protocol. This reduces contamination and exposure risk.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Modified cells के accidental spread को रोकने के लिए / To prevent accidental spread of modified cells. Spills should be managed by biosafety protocol. This reduces contamination and exposure risk.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Spills को biosafety protocol से manage करना चाहिए। इससे contamination और exposure risk कम होता है।
A. Strain plasmid marker और date/Strain plasmid marker and date
Step 1
Concept
Records maintain traceability. Strain plasmid marker and date help future tracking.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Strain plasmid marker और date / Strain plasmid marker and date. Records maintain traceability. Strain plasmid marker and date help future tracking.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Records traceability बनाए रखते हैं। Strain plasmid marker और date future tracking में मदद करते हैं।
A. Same conditions में similar results मिलना/Getting similar results under same conditions
Step 1
Concept
Reproducibility shows experiment reliability. Proper controls and records help it.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Same conditions में similar results मिलना / Getting similar results under same conditions. Reproducibility shows experiment reliability. Proper controls and records help it.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Reproducibility experiment की reliability दिखाती है। Proper controls और records इसमें मदद करते हैं।
A. Procedure सही चल रही है या नहीं देखने के लिए/To see whether the procedure is working correctly
Step 1
Concept
Controls give confidence in result interpretation. Without controls troubleshooting becomes difficult.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Procedure सही चल रही है या नहीं देखने के लिए / To see whether the procedure is working correctly. Controls give confidence in result interpretation. Without controls troubleshooting becomes difficult.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Controls result interpretation में confidence देते हैं। बिना controls troubleshooting कठिन हो जाती है।
A. Negative control पर growth हो/Growth occurs on negative control
Step 1
Concept
Growth on negative control can show contamination or selection failure. It will be considered suspicious.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Negative control पर growth हो / Growth occurs on negative control. Growth on negative control can show contamination or selection failure. It will be considered suspicious.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Negative control growth contamination या selection failure दिखा सकती है। इसे suspicious result माना जाएगा।
A. Cells या method में problem/Problem with cells or method
Step 1
Concept
Positive control failure shows a problem with competent cells or protocol. This is a key point in troubleshooting.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Cells या method में problem / Problem with cells or method. Positive control failure shows a problem with competent cells or protocol. This is a key point in troubleshooting.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Positive control failure competent cells या protocol की समस्या दिखाता है। Troubleshooting में यह key point है।
A. Test DNA या construct problem हो सकती है/Test DNA or construct may have a problem
Step 1
Concept
A working positive control shows cells are competent. Test DNA quality ligation or marker can be the issue.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Test DNA या construct problem हो सकती है / Test DNA or construct may have a problem. A working positive control shows cells are competent. Test DNA quality ligation or marker can be the issue.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Positive control working बताता है कि cells competent हैं। Test DNA quality ligation या marker issue हो सकता है।
A. Weak selection या contamination/Weak selection or contamination
Step 1
Concept
Background colonies can come from weak antibiotic contamination or empty vector. Screening and controls are necessary.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Weak selection या contamination / Weak selection or contamination. Background colonies can come from weak antibiotic contamination or empty vector. Screening and controls are necessary.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Background colonies weak antibiotic contamination या empty vector से आ सकती हैं। Screening और controls जरूरी हैं।
An empty vector can be selected due to the marker but lacks insert. It is identified by screening.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Empty vector self-ligation. An empty vector can be selected due to the marker but lacks insert. It is identified by screening.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Empty vector marker के कारण selected हो सकता है लेकिन insert नहीं रखता। इसे screening से पहचाना जाता है।
A. Antibiotic breakdown के आसपास sensitive cells grow करें/Sensitive cells grow around antibiotic breakdown
Step 1
Concept
Some antibiotics can become less effective near resistant colonies. This can produce small satellite colonies.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Antibiotic breakdown के आसपास sensitive cells grow करें / Sensitive cells grow around antibiotic breakdown. Some antibiotics can become less effective near resistant colonies. This can produce small satellite colonies.
Step 3
Exam Tip
कुछ antibiotics nearby resistant colony के कारण कम effective हो सकते हैं। इससे छोटी satellite colonies दिख सकती हैं।
A. Contamination या mixed colonies पहचानना/Identifying contamination or mixed colonies
Step 1
Concept
Colony appearance can indicate contamination. Molecular tests are needed for insert confirmation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Contamination या mixed colonies पहचानना / Identifying contamination or mixed colonies. Colony appearance can indicate contamination. Molecular tests are needed for insert confirmation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Colony appearance contamination का संकेत दे सकती है। Insert confirmation के लिए molecular tests चाहिए।
Sequencing can confirm insert identity orientation and mutations. Therefore it is strong for final verification.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. DNA sequencing. Sequencing can confirm insert identity orientation and mutations. Therefore it is strong for final verification.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Sequencing insert identity orientation और mutations confirm कर सकती है। इसलिए यह final verification में मजबूत है।
A. Long-term preservation के लिए/For long-term preservation
Step 1
Concept
A glycerol stock preserves the clone for future use. This allows the same clone to be used again.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Long-term preservation के लिए / For long-term preservation. A glycerol stock preserves the clone for future use. This allows the same clone to be used again.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Glycerol stock clone को future use के लिए preserve करता है। इससे same clone फिर उपयोग हो सकता है।
A. Freezing damage से cells की रक्षा के लिए/To protect cells from freezing damage
Step 1
Concept
Glycerol works as a cryoprotectant. It helps cell survival during frozen storage.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Freezing damage से cells की रक्षा के लिए / To protect cells from freezing damage. Glycerol works as a cryoprotectant. It helps cell survival during frozen storage.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Glycerol cryoprotectant की तरह काम करता है। यह frozen storage में cells की survival में मदद करता है।
A. Strain name plasmid marker और date/Strain name plasmid marker and date
Step 1
Concept
Clear labeling prevents sample mix-up. Strain plasmid marker and date help future tracking.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Strain name plasmid marker और date / Strain name plasmid marker and date. Clear labeling prevents sample mix-up. Strain plasmid marker and date help future tracking.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Clear labelling sample mix-up रोकती है। Strain plasmid marker और date future tracking में मदद करते हैं।
A. Efficiency screening confirmation और troubleshooting जुड़े हैं/Efficiency screening confirmation and troubleshooting are connected
Step 1
Concept
In competent host workflow uptake selection screening and confirmation are connected. Controls make results reliable.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. Efficiency screening confirmation और troubleshooting जुड़े हैं / Efficiency screening confirmation and troubleshooting are connected. In competent host workflow uptake selection screening and confirmation are connected. Controls make results reliable.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Competent host workflow में uptake selection screening और confirmation जुड़े होते हैं। Controls result को reliable बनाते हैं।
A. डीएनए enters host selected colonies screened और confirmed होती हैं/DNA enters host selected colonies are screened and confirmed
Step 1
Concept
A competent host takes up DNA. Then the correct clone is chosen by selection screening and confirmation.
Step 2
Why this answer is correct
The correct answer is A. डीएनए enters host selected colonies screened और confirmed होती हैं / DNA enters host selected colonies are screened and confirmed. A competent host takes up DNA. Then the correct clone is chosen by selection screening and confirmation.
Step 3
Exam Tip
Competent host डीएनए uptake करता है। फिर selection screening और confirmation से सही clone चुना जाता है।
