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What is the range of f(x) = 5 − √(x² + 1)?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (−∞, 4]

Since x² ≥ 0 for every real x, we have x² + 1 ≥ 1. Taking square roots gives √(x² + 1) ≥ 1. Therefore 5 − √(x² + 1) ≤ 4, and equality occurs at x = 0, so the upper endpoint 4 is included. As |x| tends to infinity, √(x² + 1) becomes arbitrarily large, making f(x) decrease without bound. Thus all values less than or equal to 4 occur, and the range is (−∞, 4]. Option B reverses the direction of the inequality. Option C incorrectly includes values between 4 and 5, although the square-root term is never below 1. Option D imposes an unjustified lower bound of 0; the function can be negative and can become arbitrarily small.

Related tags

Relations-FunctionsReal-Valued-FunctionsRangeRadicalReal Valued FunctionsTheir Domain And RangeReal Valued Functions Their Domain And RangeRelations And FunctionsMathematics

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