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If f: ℝ → ℝ is given by f(x) = 1/(x² − 9), what should be the domain to make it a valid real function?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: Domain = ℝ − {−3, 3} and range = ℝ − {0}

The governing concept is that the denominator of a real rational function can never be zero. Here x² − 9 = 0 gives x² = 9, so x = −3 or x = 3. These two inputs must be excluded from the domain; every other real number makes the denominator nonzero, so the natural domain is ℝ − {−3, 3}. Also, the function can never equal zero because its numerator is 1, so its actual range is ℝ − {0}. Thus option B correctly gives both the restricted domain and the range. Option A incorrectly includes undefined inputs, option C excludes 0 unnecessarily rather than excluding ±3, and option D is far too restrictive.

Related tags

DomainRangeRational FunctionReal-Valued FunctionsReal Valued FunctionsTheir Domain And RangeReal Valued Functions Their Domain And RangeRelations And FunctionsMathematics

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