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Six distinct keys are assigned to six distinct locks. In how many ways will no key go to its correct lock?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 265

This is a derangement problem: six distinct keys must be assigned to six distinct locks, with every key forbidden from its matching lock. The number of derangements of n objects is written as !n. It can be calculated using the recurrence !n = (n − 1)[!(n − 1) + !(n − 2)], or by inclusion–exclusion. Starting with !0 = 1 and !1 = 0, we obtain !2 = 1, !3 = 2, !4 = 9, and !5 = 44. Therefore !6 = 5(44 + 9) = 265. Thus option A is correct. Option D, 720 = 6!, counts every assignment, including assignments in which some keys are correct. The other numerical options do not satisfy the derangement recurrence.

Related tags

PermutationsDerangementsFactorialCountingPermutations And CombinationsMathematicsClass 11 Mcq

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