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In how many ways can a president, secretary and treasurer be chosen from (12) students?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (1320)

The direct answer is option C: 1320 ways. The three posts are different, so assigning the same three students to different posts gives different results. Choose the president in 12 ways, the secretary from the remaining students in 11 ways, and the treasurer in 10 ways. Hence the total is \(12\times11\times10=1320\), or \({}^{12}P_3\). Option C is correct. Option A, 220, is \(\binom{12}{3}\), which chooses three students but does not assign posts. Option B, 1728, does not follow the decreasing-choice rule and effectively overcounts. Option D, 36, is far too small and does not represent the three distinct assignments. If A, B, and C are chosen, then changing who becomes president changes the result even when the same people are involved. Memory cue: different named posts mean order matters; use permutation, not combination.

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