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In how many ways can first and second positions be given to 2 students from 9 students?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 72

First and second positions are different positions, so assigning one student first and another second is an ordered selection. There are 9 choices for first place. Once that student is selected, 8 students remain for second place. Thus the multiplication principle gives 9 × 8 = 72, or 9P2 = 9!/(9−2)! = 72. Option B is therefore correct. If order did not matter, 9C2 = 36 would be used, which explains the tempting option C. The values 18 and 81 do not account correctly for the two successive, non-repeating position choices.

Related tags

PermutationsRankingOrdered SelectionClass 11Permutations And CombinationsMathematicsClass 11 Mcq

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