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In a race with (7) runners, in how many ways can first and second places occur?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: (42)

The direct answer is option D: 42 ways. First place and second place are different positions, so order matters. For first place there are 7 choices. After one runner is selected, 6 runners remain for second place. By the multiplication principle, the total is \(7\times6=42\), equivalently \({}^{7}P_2=\frac{7!}{(7-2)!}=42\). Option D is correct. Option A, 14, does not count all ordered pairs. Option B, 21, is \(\binom{7}{2}\), which counts pairs when order does not matter; it would be suitable for simply choosing two runners, not ranking them. Option C, 28, has no correct permutation interpretation here and is only half of 56. Since first and second are ranked, swapping the two runners creates a different result. Memory cue: positions, ranks, and arrangements usually mean permutation; use choices multiplied in order.

Related tags

PermutationsClass11Easy

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