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A 5-letter signal is formed from P, Q, R, S and T. Letters may repeat, but both P and Q must appear in the signal. How many signals are possible?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 1406

The governing concept is the inclusion–exclusion principle applied to the fundamental counting rule. Since each of the five positions can contain any of five letters, the total number of unrestricted signals is 5⁵ = 3125. Signals missing P can use only Q, R, S and T, so there are 4⁵ = 1024; similarly, 4⁵ signals miss Q. Signals missing both P and Q use only three letters and number 3⁵ = 243. Therefore, the required count is 5⁵ − 4⁵ − 4⁵ + 3⁵ = 3125 − 2048 + 243 = 1320. Hence the supplied options do not contain the mathematically correct answer; option A must be corrected to 1320. The other choices cannot be selected because they do not follow the required inclusion–exclusion calculation.

Related tags

Inclusion-ExclusionFundamental-CountingPermutations-CombinationsClass-11Fundamental Principle Of CountingPermutations And CombinationsMathematicsClass 11 Mcq

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