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In a four-position code, the first position has 3 choices. The second position cannot repeat the first choice. The third and fourth positions can each be any of 5 choices. How many codes are possible?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 3 × 2 × 5² = 150

The governing concept is the multiplication principle with a repetition restriction. For the first position, there are 3 choices. Once that choice is made, the second position cannot use it, so only 2 choices remain. The third position is independent and has 5 choices, and the fourth position is also independent with 5 choices. Thus the total is 3 × 2 × 5 × 5 = 150. Therefore, option A is correct. Option B incorrectly allows the first choice to be repeated in the second position. Option C gives the second position all five choices, ignoring the restriction, and option D counts only one five-choice position instead of two.

Related tags

Fundamental Principle Of CountingCodesRepetition RestrictionPermutations And CombinationsMathematicsClass 11 Mcq

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