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A badge is made by choosing one shape, one colour, and one letter. There are 4 shapes, 3 colours, and 5 letters. If the circular shape allows only 2 colours and each of the other 3 shapes allows all 3 colours, how many badges are possible?

Answer and explanation

Correct answer: 1 × 2 × 5 + 3 × 3 × 5 = 55

The governing concept is the fundamental principle of counting with separate cases. The circular shape forms one case: it has 1 shape choice, 2 permitted colour choices, and 5 letter choices, giving 1 × 2 × 5 = 10 badges. The remaining three shapes form a second case: they have 3 shape choices, 3 colour choices, and 5 letter choices, giving 3 × 3 × 5 = 45 badges. These cases cannot overlap, so their totals are added: 10 + 45 = 55. Therefore, option B is correct. Option A wrongly gives the circular shape all three colours, while C gives every shape only two colours and D omits the circular case.

Related tags

Fundamental Principle Of CountingCase AnalysisBadgesPermutations And CombinationsMathematicsClass 11 Mcq

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